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20种常见氨基酸的名称和结构式名称英文缩写结构式非极性氨基酸甘氨酸GlycineGlyGCH2COONH3丙氨酸AlanineAlaACHCOONH3CH3亮氨酸*LeucineLeuLCHCOONH3(CH3)2CHCH2异亮氨酸*IsoleucineIleICHCOONH3CH3CH2CHCH3缬氨酸*ValineValVCHCOONH3(CH3)2CH脯氨酸ProlineProPCOONHH苯丙氨酸*PhenylalaninePheFCHCOONH3CH2蛋(甲硫)氨酸*MethionineMetMCHCOONH3CH3SCH2CH2色氨酸*TryptophanTrpWNCH2CHCOONH3H非电离的极性氨基酸丝氨酸SerineSerSCHCOONH3HOCH2谷氨酰胺GlutamineGlnQCH2CH2CHCOONH3H2NCO苏氨酸*ThreonineThrTCHCOONH3CH3CHOH半胱氨酸CysteineCysCCHCOONH3HSCH2天冬酰胺AsparagineAsnNCH2CHCOONH3H2NCO酪氨酸TyrosineTyrYCHCOONH3CH2HO酸性氨基酸天冬氨酸AsparticacidAspDNH3HOOCCH2CHCOO谷氨酸GlutamicacidGluECHCOONH3HOOCCH2CH2碱性氨基酸赖氨酸*LysineLysKCHCOONH2CH2CH2CH2CH2NH3精氨酸ArginineArgRH2NCCHCOONH2NHCH2CH2CH2NH2组氨酸HistidineHisHNCH2CHCOONH3HN*为必需氨基酸