Types of Sentences and Writing

L/O/G/OTypesofSentencesandWritingApril21stContentsTypesofSentencesTypesofWritingPracticeAssignments4123L/O/G/OⅠ.TypesofSentences\ⅰ.Declarative,Interrogative,Imperative,andExclamatorySentencesAccordingtotheiruse:declarativesentences→assertionorstatementinterrogativesentences→aquestionimperativesentences→acommandorarequestexclamatorysentences→astrongfeelingoremotionⅱ.Simple,Compound,Complex,andCompound-ComplexSentencesAccordingtotheirstructure,sentencesaresimple,compound,complexorcompound-complex.a.TheSimpleSentenceWhatisasimplesentence?Asimplesentencehasonlyonesubjectandonepredicate-verb,butitmaycontainmorethanoneobject,attributeoradverbial.Alloftheemployeesenjoyedtheannualdinneratthehotel.SimpleSentenceExamplesMajedtravelstoAmsterdameveryyearinthesummertime.ItcontainsonesubjectMajedandoneverbtravels.SIMPLESENTENCEwithcompoundsubjectTomandMaryplaytennis.SIMPLESENTENCEwithcompoundsubjectandcompoundpredicateHeandhisbrotherwenttotownandboughtapileofbooks.b.CompoundSentenceAcompoundsentenceconsistsoftwoormoreindependentclauses(orsimplesentences)joinedbycoordinatingconjunctions(“and”,“but”,“or,so”,“yet”,“nor”etc.)•Sheworksinthecity.•Shelivesinthesuburb.CompoundSheworksinthecity,butshelivesinthesuburbs.CompoundSentenceIndependentClauseIndependentClauseSheworksinthecity,butshelivesinthesuburbs.CompoundSentencewithCoordinatingConjunctionsSUBJECTPREDICATESUBJECTPREDICATEand,/but,…L/O/G/Oc.Complex&Compound-complexSentencesAcomplexsentencecontainsoneindependentclauseandatleastonedependentclause,withaconnectiveworddenotingtherelationsbetweenthetwoparts.Considerthefollowingexamples:Simple•Myfriendinvitedmetoaparty.Idonotwanttogo.Complex•Althoughmyfriendinvitedmetoaparty,Idonotwanttogo.①TheComplexSentenceTheComplexSentenceIndependentClause+DependentClauseorDependentClause+Comma+IndependentClauseIfadependentclausebeginsthesentence,therenormallyisacomma(,)afterit.Ifanindependentclausebeginsacomplexsentencethereshouldnotbeacommaafterit.SubordinatingConjunctionsAfterhowUntilAlthoughifUnlessAsinasmuchasifinorderthatWhenaslongasAtleastWheneverasmuchasnowthatwhereassoonwhereverasthoughSinceWhilebecausesothatBeforeevenifThateventhoughthoughComplexSentencesIndependentClauseDependentClauseSubordinatingConjunctionJohncannotsetuphistypewriterbecausethewallhasnooutlet.WhenIfirstmovedtothecity,Iwasafraidtodrivethesteepandnarrowstreets.ComplexSentencesSubordinatingConjunctionIndependentClauseUseacommaifthedependentclauseisthefirstpartofthesentence.②TheCompound-ComplexSentenceIndependentclause+coordinatingconjunction+independentclause+dependentclause=compound-complexsentenceTheruleisthereshouldbeatleasttwoindependentclausesandatleastonedependentclauseinacompound-complexsentence.Compound-ComplexExamplesAlthoughsheworkedhardtogainrecognition,manypeopledidnotknowwhoshewas,andherfriendsdidnotevenappreciateherwork.Thekittypurredsoftly,andshebouncedonthepillowashermasterreadafunnymagazine.MorepracticeMostoftherotteneggsmissedtheactors,butonehittheorchestra.CompoundBecausetheweatheralongthecoastwascoldandrainy,wespentthedayinthedesert.ComplexWhenhehadfinishedthetest,Ernieateagallonofchocolateicecream,andSandradrankachocolateshake.CompoundcomplexAlion,atiger,andabearappearedonstage.SimpleMorepracticeSaul’scarstartedtofallapartafterthemechanicadjustedthecarburetor.ComplexWhenhiscomputercrashedforthethirdtime,Billbegantoweep,andhismothertriedtoconsolehim.CompoundcomplexSylviawhoismysister’sbestfriendsetouttofindaredrose.ComplexTherumwasaboard,andtheharpoonsweresharp,butAhabhesitated.Compoundⅲ.Loose,Periodic,andBalancedSentencesFromarhetoricalpointofview,sentencesareloose,periodic,orbalanced.Aloosesentenceputsthemainideabeforeallthesupplementaryinformation;inotherwords,itputsfirstthingsfirst,andletsthereaderknowwhatitismainlyaboutwhenhehasreadthefirstfewwords.ShedecidedtostudyEnglishthoughshewasinterestedinmusic.Inaperiodicsentence,themainideaisexpressedatorneartheendofthissentence,anditisnotgrammaticallycompleteuntiltheendisreached.Althoughshewasinterestedinmusic,shefinallydecidedtostudyEnglish.Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.Whenasentencecontainstwoormorepartsofthesameformandgrammaticalfunction,itisonewithparallelconstructions.Letusberuthlessinourcriticism,crueltopersonalvanities,indifferenttoage,rankorexperienceifthesestandinourway.Thefeelingofthenationmustbequickened;theconscienceofthenationmustberoused;theprosperityofthenationmustbestartled;thehypocrisyofthenationmustbeexposed;anditscrimesagainstGodandmenmustbeproclaimedanddenounced.Whenasentencecontainstwoparallelclausessimilarinstructurebutcontrastedinmeaning,itisabalancedsentence.Onhearingthenews,hewasangered,andIwassaddened.Thepoliticianisconcernedwithsuccessfulelections,whereasthestatesmanisinterestedinthefutureofhispeople.InPlato’sopinionmanwasmadeforphilosophy;inBacon’sopinionphilosophywasmadeforman.Task:Readthefollowingtwoparagraphsanddiscusstheeffectsofthesentencesineachparagra