荷兰空间发展战略

SUMMARYSPATIALPLANNINGMEMORANDUM,Roomfordevelopment1.INTRODUCTIONTheSpatialPlanningMemorandumcontainstheGovernment’sviewsonthespatialdevelopmentoftheNetherlandsandthemostimportantobjectivesassociatedwiththatdevelopment.InaccordancewiththeGovernment’sCoalitionAgreement,thememorandumincludesthespatialcontributionstoastrongeconomy,asafeandliveablesocietyandanattractivecountry.AnoverviewofthemaingoalsthattheNetherlandsaimstoachievehasbeenappendedtothememorandum.Theimplementationagendaforthememorandumoffersinsightintothemostimportantspatialinvestmentsandimplementationactivitiesforthepolicy.TheSpatialPlanningMemorandumlaysdownthenationalspatialpolicyuntil2020;thelong-termviewsforthefutureencompasstheperiodfrom2020-2030.TheSpatialPlanningMemorandumandothernationalmemorandaTheSpatialPlanningMemorandumreplacestherelevantnationalmemorandaonspatialplanningand/orthekeyplanningdecisionsthatwerepartoftheSupplementtotheFourthPolicyDocumentonSpatialPlanning(anditsactualisationintheVinac1)andtheSpatialPlanforGreenSpaces.BesidestheSpatialPlanningMemorandum,afewotherkeyplanningdecisionswillbemade.Forexample,region-specificmemorandawillbedrawnupfortheWaddenzeeandtheareabetweenthemajorrivers:thePKBThirdMemorandumontheWaddenzeeandthePKBRoomfortheRiver.HistoricbackgroundTheGovernmentisissuingtheSpatialPlanningMemorandumastheGovernmentposition(part3)inthePKBNationalSpatialPolicy.Thepolicyplansforthisposition(FifthPolicyDocumentonSpatialPlanningandSecondSpatialPlanforGreenSpaces/SGR2wereissuedbythesecondGovernmentheadedbyPrimeMinisterKok.DuringtheKok-IIGovernment,workwasalsodoneontheNationalTransportPlan(NationaalVerkeers-enVervoersplan).Allthreeofthesememorandawentthroughtheprocedurerequiredforakeyplanningdecision(PKB),butnonewasinstitutedduringthetermofthatGovernment.TheSpatialPlanningMemorandumintegratesandcompletesthecurrent(PKB)proceduresoftheFifthMemorandumandSGR2,sothatattentioncannowbefocusedonimplementationofthepolicy.Itisprimarilythemethodofgovernance,the‘how’,thathaschangedcomparedtopreviousplans,ratherthanthepolicycontents,the‘what’.Themostimportantobjectives,policyconceptsandbasicprinciplesthatwereannouncedinpreviouspolicyplanshavebeenadoptedbythisGovernment.Theadjustmentshaveprimarilybeenmadeinthenumberandtypeoftoolstobeused.Theearlierpolicyplans,formulatedinbothPKBparts1,offersufficientmanoeuvringroomtochangetheemphasisoftheSpatialPlanningMemoranduminthewaythecurrentGovernmentprefers.ThepublicresponsestothepolicyplanarestillentirelyrelevantandhavebeentakenintoconsiderationinthisnewGovernmentpositionintheSpatialPlanningMemorandum.Thesameappliestotherecommendationsthathavebeenissuedandtheresultsoftheparliamentarydiscussions.Thetest1UpdateoftheSupplementtotheFourthPolicyDocumentonSpatialPlanningcarriedoutbythejointplanningagencies,thetestdoneontheemancipationeffectsofthepolicyandtheWRR(AdvisoryCouncilonGovernmentPolicy)recommendation‘SpatialDevelopmentPolitics’havealsobeenexplicitlyinvolvedinthisprocess,aswasthepositionpaperonNationalSpatialPlanningPolicyissuedbythepreviousGovernment.FewerruleshandeddownfromTheHague,moreroomforlocal,non-centralisedconsiderations,more‘developmentplanning’andless‘accessplanning’wereamongthemorefrequentsuggestions.Thechangedeconomicprospectsandtheproblemsofcreatingaliveableenvironmentinthemajorcitieswerealsoreasonstogivemoreweighttothepublicresponsesthatdemandedattentionforsuchissues.Manypeoplefeltthataclear,decisivenationalvisionwaslacking,aswasthenecessarycoherenceinthecontentandimplementationofthenationalpolicy.TheSpatialPlanningMemorandum,withthe‘nation-wide’visionitputsforthandtheimplementationagendathatgoeswithit,wasthisGovernment’sanswertosuchcriticism.Withrespecttothepolicyplan,thenumberofrulesthatthenationalgovernmentimposesonothershasbeenreduced,whilecreatingmoreroomforlocalandregionalgovernments,socialorganisations,privatepartiesandcitizens.Thedirectingroleoftheprovinceshasbeenstrengthened.TheGovernmentacknowledgesthattherearedifferencesbetweentheprovinceswhichmayincreasewiththeaddedroomforlocal,non-centralisedconsiderations.However,aslongasthebasicqualitystandardsaresafeguarded,suchdifferencesmaybeveryattractivefortheNetherlandsasawhole.ThepolicyadjustmentsinrelationtothepreviouspolicyplanshavebeenjustifiedextensivelyinanappendixtotheSpatialPlanningMemorandum.2.POLICYOBJECTIVESThemainaimofthenationalspatialpolicyistocreatespaceforthedifferentfunctionsthatdemandit,onthelimitedsurfaceareathatwehaveavailabletousintheNetherlands.Morespecifically,theGovernmentisfocusingonfourgeneralobjectives:strengtheningtheinternationalcompetitivepositionoftheNetherlands,promotingstrongcitiesandavital,vibrantcountryside,securinganddevelopingimportantnationalandinternationalspatialvalues,andensuringpublicsafety.StrengtheningtheinternationalcompetitivepositionoftheNetherlandsThefalteringeconomyandtheincreasinginternationalcompetitioncompelustostrengthentheeconomicstrengthandinternationalcompetitivepositionoftheNetherlands.Whereverpossible,theSpatialPlanningMemorandumremovesspatialobstaclestoeconomic