英语专四-倒装

倒装句考查重点:1.以so/neither/nor/nomore2.以only3.4.省略了if5.therebe6.as/though7.as引导的倒装的原因状语从句8.so/such…that引导的程度/结果状语从句9.however引导的让步状语从句10.以be开头的让步状语从句英语最基本的语序是“主语+谓语动词”，这叫作正常语序或自然语序。如果谓语动词放到主语之前，这就是倒装。将谓语动词完全移至主语之前，就形成全部倒装；如果只是把助动词/情态动词放在主语之前，这称为部分倒装。倒装的原因有两个：语法的需要和修辞的需要。英语倒装句是历年英语专四考试的重点之一。对倒一、以so/neither/nor/nomore在否定句中，用nor/neither/nomore表示前面所否定的情况也适用于另一个/些人或物，说明另一主语“也不……”Thefirstonewasn’tgoodandneitherwasthesecond.Ididn’treadthenoticeontheblackboard,nordidhe.在肯定句中，常用“so+be/have/助动词+主语”的结构,说明前一句谓语表示的情况也适用于另一个/些人或物。Societyhaschangedandsohavethepeopleinit.Parkingisagreatproblemandsoisthetrafficinandaroundcities如果主语和上一句的主语相同，表示同意对方的看法，意为“是的；确实如此”，这时不用倒装：—Johnstudiesveryhard.—Sohedoes.二、以only副词only所强调的方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等位于句首时，引起部分倒装。OnlybyseizingeveryminutecanwefinishtheworkontimeOnlythendidwerealizethatthemanwasblind.Onlyafterthreeoperationswassheabletowalkwithoutsticks如果only修饰的词不是作状语而是作主语时，句OnlyhismotherwasinvitedOnlysomeoftheboyspassedtheexamination．三、以否定词开头的倒装句为了强调句子中的否定状语，常将其置于句首，这时一般引起部分倒装。常见的含有否定意义的副词、连词或词组有：atnotime,bynomeans,hardly/scarcely/barely…when,few,little,never,nosooner…than,not,notuntil,nowhere,notonly…butalso,onnoaccount,rarely,seldom,under/innocircumstancesSeldominallmylifehaveImetsuchadeterminedpersonHardlyhadhefinishedwhensomeonerosetorefutehisviewsLittledoeshecareaboutwhatothersthinknotonly…butalso…如果连接两个句子，Notonlyisthestoryinteresting,butalsoitsEnglishwillhelpusinwriting．HardlyanybodybelievesthatNotlongagoitrained四、省略了if的倒装的虚拟条件从句在含有were,had,should等词的虚拟条件从句中，可把连词if省去，把这三个词移至句首，从而Wereheherenow(=Ifhewereherenow),hewouldtelluswhattodoHadthemanagementactedsooner,thestrikewouldn’thavehappenedShoulditnotrain,thecropswoulddie．Weretheytoarrivebeforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty．五、therebe存在倒装句therebe表示存在的句子，其后的名词词TheremustbemanyshortcomingsanderrorsinthatbookThereisayoungmanwaitingforyououtside．theretobe用在及物动词或介词for之后；其他情况用therebeing结构(作主语、状语、介宾等）。六、as/though引导的倒装的让步状语从句在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，位于句首的可以是形容词、名词、副词、动词原形、-ed分词等。在句首的如果是名词，不要带冠词；但如果名词前有形容词修饰，则常常带冠词。如：GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideashavebeenchallengedtodayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime．Muchthoughhelikesher,hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes.Childasheis,hecanrideahorseTiredashewas,heworkedlateintothenight七、as在as引导的原因状语从句中，有时把表语提前。它和as引导的让步状语从句的区别，主要根据句子表达的意思来判断。当主句和从句表示相互对立的关系时，是让步状语从句；当主句和从句表示正常的因果关系时，是原因状语从句：Thehousewasveryquiet,isolatedasitwasonthesideofamountain．Tiredashewas,hewenttobedearlyYoungashewas,hewasnotequaltothetask．八、so/such…that引导的程度/结果状语从句so在句首修饰形容词或副词表示强调时，主句要用倒装语序，后面接that引导的程度/结果状语从句。Soastonishendwashethathecouldscarcelycontainhimself.Soloudlydidhespeakthathewasheardupstairs.在强调某个名词词组的语义作用时，用作表语的代词such也可位于句首，形成倒装，后跟that引导的结果状语从句：Suchwastheforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken.Suchwashisanxietythathecouldn’tstoptrembling.九、however引导的让步状语从句however为连接副词，引导让步状语从句，其意义和作用相当于nomatterhow,however后面接形容词或副词，其结构为“however+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”：Howevertalentedamanmaybe,thecollectivewillalwaysbewiserandstronger.Howevercolditis,shealwaysgoesswimming.十、以表示“地点”的介词短语开头的倒装句当句首为表示地点的介词短语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，或为了使上下文衔接紧密，常使用倒装结构：Alongthedustyroadcameagroupoftourists.Outsidetheentrancestoodtwopoliceofficerswithguns.十一、以be开头的让步状语从句两种句式：一是“be+主语+or连接的两个表语”，相当于whether…or:Beherichorpoor(Whetherheisrichorpoor),I’llmarryhimallthesame.Behefriendorfoe,thelawregardedhimascriminal.二是“be+主语+everso+形容词”，相当于nomatterhow:Beachildeversoclever,ifhedoesn’tlearn,heknowsnothing.Betheraineversoheavy,Imustgotoseeyouthisafternoon.英语专业四级考试真题：1.A:Mother,youpromisedtotakemeout.B:Well,______.(2012)A.soIdidB.sodidIC.soIdoD.sodoI2.Itisgoingtobefinetomorrow.______.(2009)A.SoisitB.SoitisC.SoitdoesD.Sodoesit3.Little______aboutherownsafety,thoughsheherselfwasingreatdanger.(2009)A.shecaredB.shemaycareC.mayshecareD.didshecare4.______hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.(2008)A.MuchthoughB.MuchasC.AsmuchD.Thoughmuch5._____you_____furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.(2005)A.If;hadB.Have;hadC.Should;haveD.Incase;had6.______,I’llmarryhimallthesame.(2004)A.WasherichorpoorB.WhetherrichorpoorC.WereherichorpoorD.Beherichorpoor7.______bothsidesaccepttheagreement______alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.(2004)A.Onlyif,willB.Ifonly,wouldC.Should,willD.Unless,would8.______,healwaystrieshisbesttocompleteitontime.(1999)A.HoweverthetaskishardB.HoweverhardthetaskisC.ThoughhardthetaskisD.Thoughhardisthetask9.______heneededmoneyforanewcar,hedecidednottoborrowitfromthebank.(1998)A.MuchasB.MuchthoughC.AsmuchD.Thoughmuch10.Heisnotunderarrest,______anyrestrictiononhim.(1995)A.orthepolicehaveplacedB.orhavethepoliceplacedC.northepolicehaveplacedD.norhavethepoliceplaced11.Sobadly______inthecaraccidentthathehadtostayinhospitalforafewmonths.(1994)A.didheinjureB.injuredhimC.washeinjuredD.hewasinjured12.Itisnotuncommonforthere_____problemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.(2007)A.beingB.wouldbeC.beD.tobe13.Thereusedtobeapetrolstationnearthepark,_______?(2006)A.didn’titB.doesn’tthereC.usedn’titD.di