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CoordinationAndSupportActionforGlobalRFID-relatedActivitiesandStandardisationEUProjectNumber216803CASAGRASwillprovideaframeworkoffoundationstudiestoassisttheEuropeanCommissionandtheglobalcommunityindefiningandaccommodatinginternationalissuesanddevelopmentsconcerningradiofrequencyidentification(RFID)withparticularreferencetotheemerging‘InternetofThings’.WP7:Socio-economiccomponentsofRFIDusageintheInternetofThingsWhitePaper,v4a(Issued6April2009WP71DRAFTWhitePaperWP7IssuedMay20091Introduction1.1TheSocialConnectionwiththeInternetofThings1.1Awareness,PublicPerceptionandSocialChange2TechnologyenablersofthingsubiquitousandInternetofThings2.1ThePrivacyImperative2.2OutlineMethodologyforDesigningPrivacyintoRFIDApplications2.3AStandardforDesignforPrivacyandSecurity3SafetyIssuesconcerningRFIDandRadio-basedSystems4StructureandGovernancefortheInternetofThingsWP72WP7:Socio-economiccomponentsofRFIDusageintheInternetofThingsContentsInprincipletheInternetofThings(IoT),baseduponpopularperceptions,maybeconsideredasastructureinwhichhumaninterventionisminimised,butinwhichactivitiesaredirectedatservinghuman-kindeitherdirectlyorindirectlyandatvariouslevelsofhumanenterprise,domestic,corporate,public,nationalandinternational.AparadigmshiftinnatureandscaleisenvisagedwithintheInternetofThingswhichwillinevitablyhaveaprofoundimpactuponsociety,inmuchthesamewayastheInternetandtheworld-wide-webhaveimpacteduponeverydaylifeandthecommercialworld.WhilethelevelofimpactislikelytobedifferentthenatureoftheimpactislikelytobeasfarreachingandasradicalandrevolutionaryastheInternetitself.Inconsideringthesocio-economicissuesarisingfromthedevelopmentsinRFIDandtheInternetofThingsitisbothrelevantandimportanttoreflectupontheopinionexpressedbytheEuropeanEconomicandSocialCommittee(EESC)initspublishedstatementofthe18thSeptember2008.ThiswasinresponsetoaconsultationrequestfromtheEuropeanCommission,underArticle262oftheTreatyestablishingtheEuropeanCommunity,onthesubjectofTheInternetofThings(exploratoryopinion).Theconclusionsandrecommendationspresentedinthisopinionwereasfollows:“TheEESCencouragestheEUCommissionto:2.4Investinresearch,tosupportdissemination(suchasthepastpresidencyevents)andstandardsettingactivitiesbecausetheyconsidertheInternetofThings(IOT)domainimportant.2.5Takemeasurestoremovebarriersthatwouldhamperthetaking-upofthetechnology.2.6AssesswhethercentralisedsystemswillbeabletohandletheamountoftrafficthatcanbeexpectedofIOTapplicationsandiflocalgovernance(ofnamesandservices)areabetterapproachtomanagemassdeployment.2.7Investigatewhetherthecurrentexistingdirectiveshandlethedataprotectionandsecurityrequirementsadequatelyorifnewlegislativemeasuresareneeded.2.8ConsidertheneedforsomelaboratoriesinEuropewithcombinedfundingfromuniversitiesandprivatecompanies,inordertoensurethatresearchresultsaretakenupinEuropeandtocounterabrain-drainofresearcherstoresearchfacilitiesandenterprisesinotherpartsoftheworld(US).2.9Ontheissueofeventualelectromagneticrisks-theprincipleofprecautionshouldapplyforthesenewenvironmentswithahighdensityofwavereaders,inparticularfortheworkersinsuchenvironments.Theyshouldbeinformedaboutanypotentialrisksandmethodsofprotectionshouldbeputinplace.Allthesame,thequestionshouldbeseriouslyassessed,throughscientificstudies.WP73WP7:Socio-economiccomponentsofRFIDusageintheInternetofThings1Introduction2.10Rememberthattechnologydevelopmentshouldbedoneforthepeopleandthatthereisaneedtoevaluatetherelatedethicalrisks.2.11Fortrans-Europeanservices,theEuropeanCommissionortheindependentadministrativeauthoritythatmayregulatethespectruminthefuture,shouldconsiderthespectrumneedsoftheInternetofThings.2.12ResearchwillbecrucialtowintheracetodelivercomputingcapacitytohandlefuturerealtimeInternetofThingsapplications.”WithinthisopinionstatementthereisclearsupportforRFIDandtheconceptbeingdevelopedfortheInternetofThings.Removingbarrierstotake-upandforresearchtoadvancetherealisationoftheInternetofThingsarealsoexplicitinthestatement.Fromaclearlysocialperspectivedataprotection,privacy,security,ethicalriskassessmentandsafetyofsystemsconstituteparticularlyimportantissues.Governanceisafurtherissuethatislikelytohaveimpactfromasocialperspectivebutonlyfeaturesinaclosingparagraph,pointingtothenotionthatthenewnetworkposesproblemsofgovernanceinviewofitsscale,contentanduniversalstandardsrequirements.ThereisinsufficientreferencetointernationalISO/IECstandardsforRFIDsuggestingthatRFIDis“currentlyregulatedthroughprivatestandardsandcommercialrelationswithglobalEPC”.Inaddressingtheseissuesaspartofthiscommunicationamoreinclusiveapproachwillbeadopted.1.1TheSocialConnectionwiththeInternetofThingsThewordsocialisindicativeofissuesofahumannature.ItisthereforeimportanttoestablishhowtheInternetofThings,anddevelopmentstowardstheInternetofThings,arelikelytohavetheprofoundsocialimplicationssuggestedabove.AsexpressedintheCASAGRASwhitepaperonApplicationsfortheInternetofThings,integrationwiththeexistingandevolvingInternetis,attheveryleast,amigratoryfeatureofachievingtheInternetofThings,inwhichvariouscategori