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VISIAComplexionAnalysisFrequentlyAskedQuestions1.Whatarethedefinitionsofthevariousskinfeaturesandhowarethefeaturesdetected?1。各种特皮肤征的定义和如何检测？SurfaceSpots:SurfaceSpotsaretypicallybrownorredskinlesionsincludingfreckles,acnescars,hyper-pigmentationandvascularlesions.Spotsaredistinguishablebytheirdistinctcolorandcontrastfromthebackgroundskintone.Theyvaryinsizeandshape,andarenormallyvisibletothenakedeye.SurfaceSpotsarerepresentedinVISIA’s“whitelight”image.表面斑点：斑点是棕色或红色的皮损，包括雀斑，痤疮疤痕，色素沉着及血管病变。由其独特的颜色可以识别出来，而且和皮肤底色有着明显的区别。斑点大小不等，肉眼观察可以看到。表面斑点在VISIA的标准白光图像中显示。UVSpots:UVspotsoccurwhenmelaninisaccumulatedjustbelowtheskinsurfaceasaresultofsundamage.UVspotsmaynotbevisibleundernormallightingconditions.TheselectiveabsorptionoftheUVlightbytheepidermalmelaninenhancesitsdisplayanddetectionbyVISIA.紫外线色斑：黑色素在表皮下的凝集就会紫外线色斑，是皮肤受太阳损伤的结果。紫外线色斑在普通光照条件下可能是不可见的。表皮黑色素选择性吸收紫外线，紫外线会增强其显现，被VISIA检测到。Brownspots:BrownSpotsarelesionsonanddeeperwithintheskinsuchashyper-pigmentation,freckles,lentigines,andmelasma.BrownSpotsoccurfromanexcessofMelanin.Melaninisproducedbymelanocytesinthebottomlayeroftheepidermis.BrownSpotsproduceanunevenappearancetotheskin,andaredetectedinVISIAbyRBX棕色斑点：棕色斑点反映皮表和深层如色素沉着、雀斑、雀斑样痣、黄褐斑等皮损。当黑色素无节制分泌（过量分泌）时会出现棕色斑点。黑色素是由皮肤基底层黑色素细胞产生。棕色斑点在皮肤上表现为不均匀的分布，被使用RBX技术的VISIA检测到。RedAreas:RedAreascanrepresentavarietyofconditions,suchasacne,inflammation,Rosaceaorspiderveins.Bloodvesselsandhemoglobincontainedinthepapillarydermis,asub-layerofskin,givethesestructurestheirredcolor,whichisdetectedbytheRBXTechnologyinVISIA.Acnespotsandinflammationvaryinsizebutaregenerallyroundinshape.Rosaceaisusuallylargeranddiffusecomparedtoacne,andspiderveinsusuallyareshort,thinandcanbeinterconnectedinadensenetwork.红色区域：红色区域代表一系列的状况，如痤疮，炎症，酒渣鼻或蜘蛛痣。血管和血红素存在于皮肤真皮乳头层中，赋予这些组织红颜色。血管和血红素被VISIA的RBX技术检测到。痤疮斑点和炎症通常表现为圆形，但大小不同。与痤疮相比，酒渣鼻通常较大和扩散；蜘蛛痣则通常表现为短、细小，相互连结成一个密集的网状物。Wrinkles:Wrinklesarefurrows,foldsorcreasesintheskin,whichincreaseinoccurrenceasaresultofsunexposure,andareassociatedwithdecreasingskinelasticity.Thisskinfeaturehasthegreatestvariabilityfromimagetoimageasitishighlydependentuponthefacialexpressionoftheclient.Wrinklesareidentifiedbytheircharacteristiclong,narrowshape.皱纹：皱纹是皮肤上的犁沟、折叠或皱褶，日晒会引起其增多，并与皮肤弹性降低有关。这种皮肤特征在图像上会有很大的变化，因为它是高度依赖于顾客的面部表情。皱纹的判别是依据其长而窄的形状。Texture:Textureisprimarilyananalysisofskinsmoothness.Texturemeasuresskincolorandsmoothnessbyidentifyinggradationsincolorfromthesurroundingskintone,aswellaspeaks(showninyellow)andvalleys(showninblue)ontheskinsurfacethatindicatevariationsinthesurfacetexture.纹理：纹理主要是分析皮肤的平滑度。纹理是衡量肤色均匀度和平滑度的指标。依据肤色的渐变以及皮肤表面的峰（显示为黄色）和谷（蓝色显示），从而作出判断。Pores:Poresarethecircularsurfaceopeningsofsweatglandducts.Duetoshadowing,poresappeardarkerthanthesurroundingskintoneandareidentifiedbytheirdarkercolorandcircularshape.TheVISIAsystemdistinguishesporesfromspotsbasedonsize;bydefinition,theareaofaporeismuchsmallerthanaspot.毛孔：毛孔是汗腺导管在皮表的圆形开口。由于阴影，毛孔的颜色看起来比周围的肤色深，根据它们较深的颜色和圆形的形状，而被识别。VISIA系统依据面积的大小来区分开毛孔与斑点；更准确的说，一个毛孔的面积比一个斑点的面积要小得多。Porphyrins:Porphyrinsarebacterialexcretionsthatcanbecomelodgedinporesandleadtoacne.PorphyrinsfluoresceinUVlightandexhibitcircularwhitespotcharacteristics.卟啉：卟啉是细菌的代谢物，会堵塞毛孔导致痤疮。卟啉在紫外线下会发出荧光，表现为白色圆点的特征。2.Whatfactorsinfluencetheresultsoftheimagesession?2.哪些因素会影响图像的分析结果？AnumberoffactorscontributetotheactualscoresgeneratedbytheVISIAcomplexionanalysisalgorithms,includingtheconditionoftheskin(cleanedvs.freshmake-up,oldmake-up,time-of-day),headregistration（position）withinthebooth,facialexpression(particularlyforwrinkles),strayhair,glareareasresultingfromoilyskin,etc.Percentilescoresweregeneratedforsubjectswhoseskinwascleanedjustpriorimagingsession.Resultsmayvaryifmake-upisNOTremovedpriortoaclient'sVISIAsession.SeeCanfieldImagingSystems'applicationnotes3.5,ImprovingtheQualityandReproducibilityofCapturedImages.很多因素会影响到VISIA对皮肤实际评分，包括皮肤的状态（已清洁与刚化妆、长时间的妆、化妆次数），头部在拍照小室的定位，面部表情（特别是测量皱纹），杂散头发，油性皮肤造成的眩光区，等等。百分位数都是已经清洁后采集的图像数据。如果在拍照前不进行卸妆，可能会影响分析结果。参考Canfield图像系统应用提示3.5，提高拍摄图像的质量和可重复性。3.Whatisthedefinitionforeachofthethreetypesofskinconditions?HowdoesVISIAusethisinformation?3.如何定义三种皮肤状态？VISIA如何使用这些信息？Cleanisdefinedasskinthathasbeenrecentlycleansedandwithoutmake-uporskinconditionersapplied,FreshMake-upisdefinedasmake-uprecentlyapplied(roughlywithinthepasthour),Othercoversallothercases.Theskinconditionselecteddoesnotaltertheimagecaptureoranalysisproess.SkinConditionisrecordedintheclient'srecordforeachsessionandallowsscorestobeproperlyinterpretedifimageswerecapturedunderdifferentconditionssession-to-session(i.e.,onetimewithcleanskin,thenexttimewithmake-up).Also,imagesthatarecleancanbeconsideredasvalidinputtofurtherbuildthedatabase.“已清洁”定义是皮肤刚刚做了清洗、不化妆、不使用护肤品，“刚化妆”定义是新化的妆（大约一小时内），“其他”包括所有其他情况。选择不同的皮肤状态不会对拍照或分析结果造成影响。皮肤状态信息被记录在顾客的档案中，如果每次拍照选择了不同的皮肤状态（例如一次选择了“已清洁”，下一次选择了“化妆”），便于对评分作出合理的诠释。此外，选择皮肤状态为“已清洁”的图像资料数据将会添加到数据库里。4.Whichdatadisplayoptionisbestforourpracticetouse?4。哪个数据显示最适合我们的实践使用？Threedatadisplayoptionsareavailabledependingupontheneedsandpreferencesofthepractice,andcaneitherbeselectedfromwithinVISIA'sSessionOptionst