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第1页共16页八年级英语上册笔记always(总是),usually(通常),often(经常),sometimes(有时),hardly[ever](几乎不),never(从不)频率副词①助动词、be动词、情态动词后，行为动词前②hardly,never为否定副词，句中不需再加no或not③提问常用howoften④均可用现在时、过去时，且always,never还用于将来时Thewomanisverybusy,sosheseldom(难得，很少)watchesTV.sometimes有时(现在、过去)Hewassometimeslateforschool.sometime某时(将来、过去)Hecameheresometimesometime一段时间(各种时态)Hewillstaythereforsometime.sometimes几次，几倍Hecamehomesometimes.hard①困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的(形容词)Thegroundistoohardtodig.②努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地(副词)Theytriedhardtosucceed.hardly=almostnot几乎不，几乎没有There’shardlyanycoffeeleft.=There’salmostnocoffeeleft.ever①曾经(完成时态)Haveyoueverbeenthere?②习惯动作或重复动作(疑问或否定句)Doyouevereatmeat?◇Youarehardlyeverathome.③比以往任何时候，曾经(比较时加强语气)Heranfasterthanever.④用于why,when等词后，表惊讶”究竟，到底”Wheneverdidyouleave?forever永远◇hardlyever几乎从来不，难得◇neverever从不，永不onceaweek一周一次◇twiceaweek一周两次◇threetimesaweek一周三次[前面中间均不用介词]onceuponatime从前◇atonce立刻，马上on/atweekends周末◇onthe/this/thatweekends(在双方都知道的特定周末)gotothemovies=seeamoive=gotothecinema=watchamovie去看电影gotothetheater去看戏◇gototheconcert去听音乐会gotoschool/college上(大)学◇gotochurch做礼拜look(有意识地看，强调动作)看(不及物,接宾语+at)Pleaselookatmyfamilyphoto.see(着重看的结果)看见seethedoctor,seeafilmwatch(仔细、欣赏)观看,(仔细)查看watchaplay/match/showread看书，读报，读(钟表)readabook/newspaper/watchexercise①运动，锻炼(不及物动词)Heexercisesthreetimesaweek.②运动，锻炼(不可数名词)Youshouldtakeexercise(=dosports)ifwanttohealthy.③练习；操(可数名词)Studentsalwayshavealotofexercisestodo.doeyeexercises做眼保健操◇domorningexercises作早操surf在…冲浪(及物动词)；冲浪(不及物动词)Iliketosurfthewaves.◇Look,theboyissurfing.surftheinternet=goonline上网◇gosurfing去冲浪Unit1Howoftendoyouexercise第2页共16页not不(副词，后接动词、形容词、副词)no不,没有(形容词，作定语，后接可数名词、不可数名词)(=nota/an/any)Ihavenofriends◇Noonecandoit.不许，不可(省略句中)Nosmoking！禁止吸烟◇Nophotos!禁止拍照Hereare…倒装句式①主语为代词，全句半倒装结构Hereyouare给你◇Herehecomes他来了②主语为名词，全句全倒装结构Hereareyourbooks.◇Herecomesthebus.result结果，成绩(可数名词)getgoodresults取得好成绩◇listentotheresults听结果theresultsof…结果asfor至于，就…而言AsforEnglish,Ilikeitverymuch.Weallcome,butasforhim,hedidn’tcome.about①大约Sheisabouttwentyyearsold.②在…周围Ilostmypenabouttheclassroom.③关于，对于TheyaretalkingaboutaTVplay.注意on“关于”，用于表示严肃或学术性场合，供专门研究用aspeechonAfricahistorymost①多数的，大部分的Mostpeoplethinkso.②最大的，最多的Whogotthemosthelp?③大多数，大部分，大多数人(代词)mostofthe+复数名词Mostofthestudentsliketravelling.mostof+物主代词+名词Hespendsmostofhistimetravelling.mostof+宾格代词Mostofusliketravelling.④非常，很(副词)=veryIt’samostinterestingbook.一般现在时①经常发生频率副词always,usually,often,sometimes,everyday,everyweek等②客观真理③心理状态和感觉动词无进行时be,love,like,hate,want,hope,need,prefer,wish,know,understand,remember,feel,believe,guess,think,look,see,hear,find,have,sound,taste等drink喝(tea,water,milk,cola,beer,wine液体类)eat吃(fruit,vegetables,rice,fish,meet固体类)eat/havesoup喝汤takemedicine喝药have吃，喝(三餐breakfast,lunch,supper,dinner)howlong多久/多长(for/about+一段时间◇…meterslong)howoften多久一次(often,twiceaweek)howsoon多快/过多久(in+一段时间)howfar多远(tenminutes’walk)howmany多少(数词+可数名词复数)howmuch多少(钱)(数词+量词+不可数名词/数词+钱)goshopping去购物◇goskating去滑冰◇gofishing去钓鱼◇goboating去划船gosightseeing去观光◇dosomereading阅读◇dosomewashing洗涮◇dosomecooking做饭dosomeswimming游泳◇dosomespeaking说话◇dosomelistening多听第3页共16页Sayingathingisverydifferentfromdoingit.What’sthedifferencebetweenthetwowords?kindof稍微，有点儿I’mkindoftired我有点累akindof一种allkindsof各种各样的different/manykindsof不同种/许多种类It’sverykindofyoutodothatmaybe大概，或许(副词)=perhapsMaybeyouareright.maybe(情态动词+be)Youmayberight.wantsth想要什么wanttodosth想要做什么=feellikedoing=wouldliketodosthwantsbtodosth想要某人做某事注意want侧重主观，need侧重客观需要sthwant/needdoing主动表被动Theflowerswant/needwatering.=Theflowerswant/needtobewatered.begoodfor对…有益begoodto对…好begoodat擅自…begoodwith和…相处得好health健康(n)Theoldmanisingoodhealth.◇keepingoodhealthhealthy健康的(adj)Mygrandmaisveryhealthy.◇keephealthy◇stayhealthypretty很，相当(adv)Themanisprettyold.◇Thebookisprettyexpensive.pretty漂亮的，秀丽的(adj)Whataprettygirl!eatinghabits饮食习惯◇sleepingpill安眠药◇drinkingwater饮用水Itisagoodhabittodosth做什么是一个好习惯fall/getintothehabitof沾染…习惯formthehabitof养成…习惯outofhabit出于习惯try(not)todosth努力(不)做某事Itrytoanswerthequestion.trydoingsth尝试做某事Hetriedswimmingacrosstheriver.tryout试验CanItryoutyournewbicycle?tryon试穿Thedressisverynice.CanItryiton?tryone’sbesttodosth尽最大努力去做某事WeshouldtryourbesttostudyEnglishwell.haveatry尝试一下lookafter照看lookat=havealookatlookover检查lookup(在字典中)查找lookforwardto期待，盼望lookaround/about环顾too肯定句，句中前后用逗，句末前用逗号Hehasaknife.Ihaveaknife,too.also肯定句，实义动词前，系助动词后Sandywasalsoattheparty.either否定句，句末前用逗号Hewon’tgo,either.helpsbtodosthhelpsbdosthhelpsbwithsthwithone’shelp=withthehelpofhelponeselfto请随便吃些can’thelpdoingsth禁不住，情不自禁第4页共16页although虽然，尽管(从属连词)=though不能与but(并列连词)同时使用，但可与still,yet同时连用Althoughheisold,heisstillhealthy.=Heisold,butheisstillhealthy.注意：because与so不能连用。BecauseA句，B句=A句，soB句keepdoingsth持续做某事(不间断)keepondoingsth反复做某事(短暂间断)keepsb/sth+adj.使某人保持某种状态keepsb/sthfromdoingsth阻止，保护…不受(from)keepupwith赶上◇keepashop开商店◇keepintouchwith与某保持联系◇keepaneyeon照看must必须，应当(否定needn’t或don’thaveto不必)MustIstayhere?—No.Youneedn’t/don’thaveto.mustn’t禁止Youmustn’tdrivesofast.不许开车开得这么快。must必定会,很可能Thisdishmustbedelicious.这道菜肯定好吃What’swrongwithyou?What’sthematter/troublewithyou?What’syourtrouble?What’sup?Unit2What’s