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苏州大学病理学名词解释-期末考试（精简版）Acdophilicbody（嗜酸性小体）:Itisapoptosisofindividuallivercellswhichbecomeshrunken,pyknotic,andintenselyeosinophilic.Acutenephriticsyndrome（急性肾炎综合征）：itisaglomerularsyndromedominatedbytheacuteonsetofusuallygrosslyvisiblehematuria,mildtomoderateproteinuria.andhypertsion。Ashoffbody：Aschoffbodyisthehallmarkofacuterheurnaticcarditis,itcontainacentralfocusoffibrinoidnecrosissurroundedbyachronicmononuclearinflarnrnatoryinfiltrateandoccasionallargemacrophageswithvesicularnucleiandabundantbasophiliccytopjlasm,calledanitichkowcellsAtherosclerosis(动脉粥样硬化)：Atherosclerosisisaslowlyprogressivediseaseoflargetomedium-sizedmusculararteriesandlargeelasticarteries,markedbyelevatedfocalintimalfibrofattyplaques.Ballooningchange（气球样变）:Itisbasicpathologicalchangeofviralhepatitis.Hepatocytetakeonaswollen,edematousappearance.Barrettesophagus（bar食管）：Itisacomplicationoflong-standinggastroesophagealreflux.Itisdefinedasthereplacementofsquamousmucosabymetaplasticcolumnarepitheliumcontaininggobletcells.Bridgingnecrosis（桥连性坏死）:Themostsevereformoflivernecrosis.Withmoresevereinflammatory,toxicinjury,andnecrosisofcontiguoushepatocytesmayspancontiguouslobulesinaportal-to-portal,portal-to-central,orcentral-to-centralfashion.Bullousemphysema(大泡性肺气肿):swhentheblebsorbullaeisgeaterthan2cmindiameter,sometimesformingcystiformstructures.Chronicatrophicgastritis（慢性萎缩性胃炎）:Bodyandantrumareusuallyaffected;Morphology:Glandularatrophy,Chronicinflammatoryinfiltration,andmetaplasiainbodyregion.Chronicbronchitis(慢性支气管炎)：Theprincipalsyndromeispersistentcoughwithsputumproductionforatleast3monthsinatleast2consecutiveyears.itisakindofchronicnonspecificinflammationinlargeandmediumsizebronchi.Cervicalerosion（宫颈糜烂）：Cervicalsquamousepithelialcellgetsometwotypeschanges.Oneistheepithelialgetnecrosiswithdetachment;theotheristheepithelialisreplacebycolumnarepithelia.Cervicalintraepithelialneoplasm(CIN)：Inthecervicalepithelial,thenormalepithelialcellwerereplacedbyatypicalcellwithoutcrossingthebasementmembrane.Choriocarcinoma（绒毛膜癌）：Carcinomanodulesinvadedmyometriumwithexiensivehemorrhage,necrosis.Ithasnochorionicvilli,abnormalproliferationoftrophoblast,andhasnostromabloodvessel,accompanywithobvioushemorrhageChroniccorpulmonale（慢性肺心病）:Aconditionoftheright-sidecardiacchamberscausedbypulmonaryhypertensionresultingfrompulmonaryparenchymalorPulmonaryvasculardisease.Itsprincipalfeatureisenlargementoftherightventricle,withorwithoutheartfailure。Chronicsuperficialgastritis（慢性浅表性胃炎）:Acommonlesionofthestomach.Theinvolvementoftheantrumisthemostcommon,socalledgastritisantritis.Itrepresentanearlystageofchronicatrophicgastritis.Colloidgoiter（胶质贮存期）：Theenlargedthyriodglandistranslucentandbrownduetothelargeamountofstoredcolloid;Thecutsurfaceofthethyroidisusuallybrown,somewhatglassy,andtranslucent.Comedocarcinoma（粉刺癌）:akindofbreastcarcinoma,intraductalcarciriomainsitu.Itischaracterizedbyhigh-grademalignentcellsandcentralnecrosis.Ingrossappearance,thecutsurfaceshowsdistendedductscontainingpastynecroticclebris,resemblingcomedo.DiffuseToxicgoier(Grave'sdisease）：Itisspecificautoimmunedisease.女多男少，withpeakincidencein30-40Y;causedbyhyperthyroidism.Thefeatureofhyperthyroidism:infiltrativeophthalmopathy,edematousdermopathy,finger-clubbing。EarlyCarcinomaoftheesophagus（早期食管癌）：Carcinomaissitu,gray-white,plaque-likethickeningsorelevationsofmucosawithoutLNmetastases.Earlygastriccarcinoma（早期胃癌）：Locallesionisconfinedtothemucosaandsubmucosa.Nomatterwhetherlymphnodemetastasesornot.Earlypulmonarycarcinoma（早期肺癌）:Intraluminaltype:tumorlocatesinthelumenofbronchus,infiltrationlimitsinbronchialwall.Infiltrativetype:tumorinfiltratesalongthebronchialwall,nomassinthelumen.Peribronchialtype:turnorpenetratesthebronchialtissue,masslessthan2cmdiameter.Endemicgoiter（地方性）：Mostoftencausedbydietarylack碘,suchconditionsarepaticularlycommoninmountainousareas。Fattystreak（脂纹）：ThelesionsassociatedwithATH.Fattystreakarethin,flat,yellowstreaksintheintima.ThyeconsistedofmacrophagesandSMCs,thecytoplasmofwhichhasbecomedistendedwithlipid(foamcells).Focalsegmentalglomerulosclerosis：itischaracterizedhistologicallybysclerosisofsomeglomeruliandinvolvingonlysegmentsofeachglomerulus.Thishistologicalpictureisoftenassociatedwiththenephriticsyndrome.Goodpasture'ssyndrome（急性增生性肾炎）：anti-GBMantibodiescross-reactwithpulmonaryalveolarbasementmembranestoproducetheclinicalpulmonaryhemorrhagesassociatedwithrenalfailure.LineardepositsofIgG,C3.Hypertensionbeartdisease(高血压性心脏病)：HypertensionheartdiseasemeanstheheartisenlargedbecauseHypertensioncausescompensatoryleftventricuiarhypertrophyasaresultoftheincreasedworkimposedontheheart.Hypertension(高血压病)：Hypertensionisasustainedriseofthesystemicbloodpressureabove140mmHgsystolicand/orabove90mmHgdiastolic.霍奇金病:itisadisorderinvolvingprimarilylymphoidtissue无痛淋巴结增大，单个向周围扩散。IgANephropathy(Berger'sdisease)：IgAnephropathyisoneofthemostcommoncausesofrecurrentmicroscopicorgrosshematuriaandthemostcommonglomerulardiseaseworldwide.ThepathogenichallmarkisthedepositionofigAinthemesangium.Infectiveendocarditis（感