初中英语语法——宾语从句ObjectClause茅丽琴学习重点:1.宾语从句的概念2.宾语从句的引导词3.宾语从句中的语序4.宾语从句的时态变化学习难点:1.if与whether的区别2.宾语从句与简单句的互换一、宾语从句的概念宾语从句:句子在作宾语,而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。(作及物动词和介词的宾语)e.g.Weknowhim.主s谓v宾oWeknowhelikesEnglish.由一个句子来构成主句的宾语主s谓v宾o包含宾语从句的句子结构:主句+连接词(引导词)+宾语从句二、宾语从句三要素连接词时态语序(一)连接词1.that2.whether/if3.连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich4.连接副词whenwhywherehow。1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour.(一小时后他会回来)2.Hesaid(that)hemissedusverymuch.(他非常想念我们)•注:that在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不能充当成分,在口语当中往往省略.2.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Askhimwhether(if)hecancome.(他是否能来)2.Idon’tknowwhetheritisgoingtorainornot.(是否要下雨)在宾语从句中只能用whether不能用if的情况•在介词之后(介词往往可以省略)•后面直接跟动词不定式时•后面紧跟ornot•用if会引起歧义的时候e.g.Italldepends(on)theywillsupportus.Hedoesn'tknowtostayornot.wedidn'tknowornotshewasready.Pleaseletmeknowyoulikeit.由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句•1.Heasked__________________________.(谁能回答这个问题)•2.Doyouknow_________________________.(他们在等谁)•3.Pleasetellme_______________________.(我们什么时候开会)•4.Canyoutellme_______________.(他在哪儿)•5.Couldyoutellme______________________.(我该怎么去车站)•6.Wouldyoutellme_________________(为什么火车迟到了)(二)宾语从句的语序•无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句的语序一定是陈述语序,从句主语前出现be动词,助动词或情态动词的选项可以直接排除。e.g.-IwillvisitmygrandparentsinBeijingnextmonth.Couldyoupleasetellme________?-Oh,youmaytakethesubwaythere.A.whereisthenewairportB.howIcangettothenewairportC.wherewillthenewairportbeD.howcanIgettothenewairport(三)宾语从句的时态•1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定,可以是任何时态。Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)•HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.•HesaidhathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,即使主句用了过去时,从句仍用一般现在时态。例如:Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.三、宾语从句与简单句的转换1.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。e.g.IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.→Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail2.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。e.g.Idon’tknowwhatIshalldonext→Idon’tknowwhattodonext3.当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。e.g.CanyoutellmehowIcangetthebusstop?→Canyoutellmehowtogettothebusstop?4.当直接引语为祈使句,变为间接引语时,ask/tell/orderSb.(not)todosth结构。e.g.Pleasebequiet.——WhatdidBillsay?Heaskedustobequiet.小结一.结构1.当陈述句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+that+主语+谓语部分2.当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+if(whether)+主语+谓语部分3.当特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+特殊疑问词+主语+谓语部分二.主从时态关系主句从句1.一般现在时时态不变2.一般过去时时态相应变化3.(特殊):任何时态一般现在时(客观、自然现象)巩固练习:1.Doyouknow__________________?A.wheredoessheliveB.sheliveswhereC.whereshelivesD.whereshelive2.Hisparentswantedtoknowwhathe______atthattime.A.isdoingB.wasdoing‘C.hasdoneD.willdo3.—Wedon’tknow______.--ItissaidthathewasborninCanada.A.whatheisB.whenhewasbornC.wherehecomesfromD.ifheliveshere句型转换•1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.•2.Whatwillyousayatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?•3.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.•4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.•5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.