钢结构第四章习题答案

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11、一轴心受压实腹柱,已知lox=6m,loy=3m,轴心压力设计值N=1300kN,采用Q235钢,试用(1)热轧普通工字钢;(2)焊接工字形截面设计此柱,并比较用钢量。解:(1)热轧普通工字钢截面形式截面类型:绕X轴截面为a类截面,绕Y轴截面为b类截面假定长细比100=λ,查表4.5(b)和4.5(c),得555.0,638.0==yxϕϕ所需截面32130010108.940.555215NAcmfϕ×===×所需回转半径0/6000/10060xxilmmλ===,0/3000/10030yyilmmλ===选择截面:普工50a,ix:197.676mm,iy:30.6786mm,A:11900mm2翼缘厚度为20,钢材强度取205MPa则长细比6000/197.67630.4,3000/30.678697.8xyλλ====,刚度满足。根据345235λ查表4.5(b)得0.9622,0.5694xyϕϕ==32130010191.9205/0.569411900MPafNmm×==×,整体稳定满足。型钢截面壁厚较大,局部稳定一般均能满足,此处不再验算。(2)焊接工字形截面采用焊接组合工字形截面,翼缘轧制边,查表4.4,对x轴为b类截面,对y轴为c类截面。假定长细比100=λ,查表4.5(b)和4.5(c),得463.0,555.0==yxϕϕ所需截面32130010130.600.463215NAcmfϕ×===×所需回转半径0/6000/10060xxilmmλ===,0/3000/10030yyilmmλ===确定截面尺寸由表4.6得,24.0,43.021==αα,1/6/0.4313.95xhicmα===,2/3/0.2412.5ybicmα===取截面宽25cm,截面高40cm,翼缘截面采用10×250的钢板,面积为25×1×2=50cm2。宽厚比b/t满足局部稳定要求。腹板所需面积:A-50=80.40-50=30.4cm2腹板厚度30.4/(40-2)=0.8cm取截面宽250mm,截面高400mm,腹板厚8mm,翼缘厚10mm计算截面特性ix:167.936mm,iy:56.93mm,A:8040mm验算柱整体稳定,刚度,局部稳定6000/167.93635.7,3000/56.9352.7xyλλ====,均小于[]150λ=,刚度满足。根据345235λ查表4.5(b)和4.5(c)得绕X轴受压稳定系数φx=0.91512算得绕Y轴受压稳定系数φy=0.756932130010213.6215/0.75698040MPafNmm×==×,整体稳定满足翼缘的宽厚比1/121/1012.1100.152.715.27bt==+×=腹板的高厚比0w/380/847.5250.552.751.35ht==+×=说明所选截面满足整体稳定、局部稳定和刚度的要求,因为截面没有削弱,强度也满足。重量比较:可通过截面积进行比较,即(119008040)/1190032.4%−=,可见采用焊接工字形截面比采用普通工字型截面节约钢材32.4%。2、设计一两端铰接的轴心受压柱,柱长9m,如图所示,在两个三分点处均有侧向(x方向)支撑,该柱所承受的轴心压力设计值N=400kN。容许长细比为[]λ=150,采用热轧H型钢,钢材为Q235。解:lox=9m,loy=3m,可选择窄翼缘热轧H型钢。截面类型:绕X轴截面为a类截面,绕Y轴截面为b类截面假定长细比100=λ,查表4.5(a)和4.5(b),得555.0,638.0==yxϕϕ所需截面324001033.520.555215NAcmfϕ×===×所需回转半径0/9000/10090xxilmmλ===,0/3000/10030yyilmmλ===选择截面:HN250x125ix:103.796mmiy:27.8629mmA:3787mm2翼缘厚度为9,钢材强度取215MPa则长细比9000/103.79686.7,3000/27.8629107.7xyλλ====,刚度满足。根据345235λ查表4.5得0.7381,0.5068xyϕϕ==33240010208.4215/0.50683787MPafNmm×==×,整体稳定满足。翼缘外伸宽度与厚度之比为6.6满足!腹板高厚比为38.6满足。3、某支承工作平台的轴心受压柱,柱身为由两个槽钢组成的格构柱,钢材为Q235,焊条为E43型,柱高7.2m,两端铰接,由平台传给柱的轴心压力设计值为1450KN,试按缀条柱和缀板柱分别设计此柱。解:柱在两个主轴方向的计算长度均为7.2m(一)缀板柱(1)截面选择,与实腹式构件相同。/210/2估xλ=70,查表属b类由附表查出x0.751ϕ=需面积:xNAfϕ≥=321450108980mm0.751215×=×回转半径:x0xx/ilλ==7200/70=102.9mm查型钢表,选用2[28b。2456029120mmA=×=,x106mmi=;1023mm20.2mmiz==,,412415000mmI=。考虑柱子及缀材等的重量,按10KN计算,柱子轴心压力设计值取1460KN验算绕x轴整体稳定:x0xx/liλ==67.9,查x0.763ϕ=3x146010209.82150.7639120NMPaMpaAϕ×==×对实轴的整体稳定满足!同时,[]x67.9150λλ==,刚度满足!(2)确定分肢间距取1x0.50.567.934λλ==×≈;由等稳原则:222222y01167.93458.8yxλλλλλ=−=−=−=4y0yy7200/122.458.8ilmmλ===分肢形心至y轴:22221y12122.4220.2119xiimm=−=−×=分肢间距:102()2(11920.2)278.4bxzmm=+=+=,取300bmm=,则实际分肢间距为300-20.2×2=259.6mm也可根据截面与回转半径的近似关系确定。b=122.4/0.44=278mm,取b=300mm(3)绕y轴整体稳定检算分肢形心至y轴:1x=300/2-20.2=129.8mm绕y轴名义惯性距:2y1112()IIxA=+=2(241.5+12.982×45.6)=15849cm4绕y轴名义回转半径:yy15849/13.291.20iIAcm===,绕y轴名义长细比:y0yy7200/54.5132liλ===,绕y轴换算长细比:22220yy154.53464.2[]150λλλλ=+=+==,刚度满足!查y0.785ϕ=3x146010203.92150.7859120NMPafMPaAϕ×===×绕y轴整体稳定满足!(4)缀板设计因取134λ=,故要求缀板净距111liλ==23×34=782mm,取缀板净距780mm,133.940λ=,分肢长细比满足要求。取缀板宽取分肢间距的2/3=2/3×259.6=173mm,取180mm。厚度取分肢间距的1/40=1/40×259.6=6.5mm,取厚10mm,则中心距=780+180=960mm,113241.5/96112(118/12)/25.96156bIlIa==≤××,满足要求。5/210/2图4.32缀板受力缀板柱所受最大剪力:y9120215235230688523585235fAfVN×===作用于缀板一侧的剪力:1123068/296042653N(259.6)VlTa×===1123068/29605.536KNm222VlaMT×=⋅===⋅采用三面围焊,计算时可近似仅考虑竖向焊缝,承受上述T、M。取8mmfh=,满足121.51.512.51.21.210ftht=≤≤=×,且≤10-(1~2)=(8~9)mm4265342MPa0.70.78180ffwThlτ===××22665536000183MPa0.70.78180ffwMhlσ×===××2222Wffff18342155MPa160MPa1.22fστβ⎛⎞⎛⎞+=+=≤=⎜⎟⎜⎟⎝⎠⎝⎠,满足。横隔的设置略。(二)缀条柱(1)截面选择按照前面的计算结果,分肢截面仍然选用[28b,2456029120mmA=×=,x106mmi=;1023mm20.2mmiz==,,412415000mmI=。(2)确定分肢间距一个斜缀条毛截面积21/20.050.059120456xAAmm≈=×=,一般缀条最小尺寸不小于L45×4,此处初选L50×5,则两个斜缀条毛截面之和212480.3960.6xAmm=×=。6按照等稳定条件0xyλλ=22201127/27/=67.9279120/960.666yyxxxAAAAλλλ=−=−−×=0720010966yyylimmλ===截面轮廓尺寸1092480.44hmm==,考虑到构造要求,取300hmm=。两个槽钢翼缘间净距为300284132100mmmm−×=,满足构造要求。分肢形心轴之间的间距300220.2259.6amm=−×=(3)绕y轴整体稳定检算分肢形心轴与y轴的间距1/2259.6/2129.8xamm===绕y轴名义惯性距:2y1112()IIxA=+=2(241.5+12.982×45.6)=15849cm4绕y轴名义回转半径:yy15849/13.291.20iIAcm===,绕y轴名义长细比:y0yy7200/54.5132liλ===,绕y轴换算长细比:220127/=54.5279120/960.656.8[]150yyxAAλλλ=++×==刚度满足!查y0.824ϕ=3x1450101932150.8249120NMPafMPaAϕ×===×绕y轴整体稳定满足!(4)分肢验算缀条采用L45×4,钢材选用Q235-B,45o布置,如图4-33所示。分肢长细比011max1528.4290.70.755.73918liλλ====×=,满足要求。由于型钢板厚较大,局部稳定不必验算。(5)缀条设计斜缀条长度259.6367sin45odlmm==柱的剪力y9120215235230688523585235fAfVN×===斜缀条内力11023068/216312coscos45VNNnθ===长细比[]1min367371509.8dliλλ====7强度折减系数γ==0.6+0.00150.6+0.0015370.656ηλ=×=b类截面,稳定系数0.91ϕ=斜缀条的稳定11631237.40.6562151410.91480.3NMPafMPaAηϕ===×=×,满足。(6)缀条的连接缀条与分肢采用两面侧焊缝连接,焊条选用E43,焊脚尺寸取4fhmm=,单面连接的单角钢按轴心受力计算连接时,强度折减系数取0.85。肢背焊缝所需长度1110.716312428380.70.850.740.85160wwffkNlmmhf×=+×=+=××××,根据构造要求832fhmm=和40mm,取40mm肢尖焊缝所需长度2110.31631288210.70.850.740.85160wwffkNlmmhf×=+=+=××××,取40mm(7)横隔设置略。4、某焊接T形截面轴心受压构件截面尺寸如图所示。承受轴心压力设计值(包括构件自重)N=2000kN,计算长度l0x=l0y=3m,翼缘钢板为火焰切割边,钢材为Q345,截面无削弱。要求验算该轴心受压构件的整体稳定性和局部稳定性。解:截面:T250x250x8x24,iy:69.69mm,ix:62.51mmA:8000mm2222222220022.369.6962.519261xyieiimm=++=++=()222025.792618000/[(3885800031261000)/25.7]27ztiAIIlωωλ=+=×+=绕y轴长细比为43()()()()()()122222222220122222222214121432743274122.392614327243.7xzyz

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