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Unit1Whatisnews?Whatisnews:someanswerspastandpresentWarm-upactivitiesWordsandexpressionsReadanddiscusstextQuestionsforcriticalthinkinganddiscussionReviewandexerciseLearningobjectives•ThisessayisadaptedfromthebookNewsReportingandWritingbyMelvinMencher.Thepurposeofthisbookistoteachtheskillsnecessaryforavarietyofmediawork.Oneasajournalistwouldliketomakethedeterminantsofnews,andthisessaycanhelpyouknowhowtochooseeventsthatarenewsworthiness.So,afterstudyingthisunityoushould:•Knowsomeimportantdefinitionsofnews.•Befamiliarwiththe•Understandtherelationshipbetweensocialdevelopmentandnewschoice.•Understandtherelationshipbetweenaudienceandthemedia.•Possessthebasisfordevelopinggoodnewschoiceskills.Newwordsandexpressionsavid[ˈævɪd]adj.1.渴望的,急切的,贪婪的;2.热心的,劲头十足的adv.渴望地,热心地1:veryeager:enthusiastic,keen▪Heisanavidadmirerofhorrormovies.▪Theytookanavidinterestinpolitics.▪someofthenewspaper'smostavidreaders2:wantingsomethingverymuch▪Hewasavidforsuccess.Weknowthatwomenovertheageof50areavidfollowersofnewsabouthealth.woodblock•[英][ˈwʊdˌblɔk][美][ˈwʊdˌblɑk]•n.1.木板;木版[count]:apieceofwoodthathasadesigncutintoitandthatisusedforprinting:woodcut▪Shemadeawoodblockprint.•1.Animpressionfromawoodblock.木刻的拓印•2.DifferencesandComparisonsonChineseNewYearWoodblockPrints.木版年画风格差异及其比较InChina,theT’angdynasty(618-906A．D．)publishedagazette---handwrittenorprintedbywoodblock---toinformcourtofficialsofitsactivities.AbominableSnowman•abominable[英][əˈbɔmənəbəl][美][əˈbɑmənəbəl]adj.1.讨厌的,可恶的2.糟糕的,极坏的3.令人极为不快的,(天气、食物等)令人作呕的n.1.讨厌,可恶adv.1.恶劣地；令人厌恶地•AbominableSnowmann.1.雪人，喜马拉雅雪人amysteriouscreaturewithhumanorapelikecharacteristicsreportedtoexistinthehighHimalayas([ˌhiməˈleiəz])—calledalsoyeti([ˈjeti])百度百科说是生存在喜马拉雅山森林地带的一种界于人和兽之间的巨人，早在1898年便有人追踪过它的足迹。1972年，一些生物学家发现过雪人的足迹。在六十年代初期，尼泊尔政府立法保护雪人，禁止捕猎。关于雪人是否存在的问题，人们一直争论不休。但是据说1974年在尼北部纳木切巴扎以北两天行程的马切尔摩小村落里，一个谢尔巴少女受到过雪人的攻击。雪人还杀死了5头犏牛。当地警察证实了这次报道。所有报道均说，雪人的侧面影像如一个强健的男人，高1.4米，太阳穴较深，周身褐色皮毛。它的脸呈黑色，无头发，宛如猩猩。头略尖，走路用双腿，但奔跑时用四肢，非常迅速，在森林中栖息，常到雪山和冰川活动，有一股难闻的气味。但是，由于还没有得到确凿的证据，雪人至今仍是个谜。LochNessmonster•[lɔknes]•n.1.尼斯湖水怪•alargeaquatic([əˈkwætɪk])animalresembling(看起来像；类似）aserpent([ˈsəpənt]蛇,大蛇)oraplesiosaurlike（[ˈplisiəˈsɔr]蛇颈龙）reptile,reportedtohavebeenseeninthewatersofLochNess,Scotland,butnotprovedtoexist.•1.DidanyoneseetheLochNessmonster?有谁看过尼斯湖怪兽吗？•2.SomepeoplebelieveintheLochNessmonster.有些人相信尼斯湖水怪是存在的。•3.Anotherattractionhereisalegendarymonster:theLochNessMonster.这里游人如织的另一个原因则是充满传奇色彩的洛赫·尼斯湖的怪兽。Theseearlydayjournalistsfavoredstoriesofmonstersanddragons,notunlikeourownday’stalesoftheAbominableSnowmanandtheLochNessmonster.acumen•[əˈkju:mən]•n.1.敏锐,精明,聪明2.植渐尖头3.动短刺•[noncount]:theabilitytothinkclearlyandmakegooddecisions▪Herpoliticalacumenwonhertheelection.▪alackofbusiness/financialacumenThenewspapereditorsofthe19thcenturyunderstoodtheneedtoappealtoalargeaudiencetostayinbusiness,andtheiracumenledtodefinitionsofnewsthatholdtothisday.demagogue•[英][ˈdeməɡɔɡ][美][ˈdɛməˌɡɔɡ]•n.1.煽动者,蛊惑民心的政客•[count]apoliticalleaderwhotriestogetsupportbymakingfalseclaimsandpromisesandusingargumentsbasedonemotionratherthanreason•ExamplesofDEMAGOGUEHisopponentcalledhimabigoted（[ˈbɪɡətɪd]偏执的,顽固的，心胸狭窄的）demagogue.Thatpoliticianisjustademagoguewhopreysuponpeople'sfearsandprejudicesalwaysfightdemagoguesofallparties,neverbelongtoanyparty.predatory•[英][ˈpredəˌtɔ:ri:][美][ˈprɛdəˌtɔri]•adj.1.食肉的2.掠夺的,以掠夺为目的的;企图奴役他人的•1technical:livingbykillingandeatingotheranimals▪predatoryanimals/birds/insects2wronglyharmingorusingothersforpleasureorprofit▪predatorybusinesspractices•ExamplesofPREDATORYHawksarepredatoryandposeadangertorabbitsandotherpets.neverbeafraidtoattackwrong,whetherbypredatoryplutocracyorpredatorypoverty.plutocracy•[英][plu:ˈtɔkrəsi:][美][pluˈtɑkrəsi]•n.1.富豪统治,财阀统治2.富豪〔财阀〕统治集团,富豪,财阀•1a[noncount]:governmentbytherichestpeople▪atrendtowardplutocracyb[count]:acountrythatisruledbytherichestpeople▪Ifonlythewealthycanaffordtorunforpublicoffice,arewemoreaplutocracythanademocracy?2[count]:agroupofveryrichpeoplewhohavealotofpower▪corporategreedandAmerica'sgrowingplutocracyinsurrection•[英][ˌɪnsəˈrekʃən][美][ˌɪnsəˈrɛkʃən]•n.1.起义,暴动,叛乱,造反•ausuallyviolentattempttotakecontrolofagovernment[count]▪Heledanarmedinsurrection[=rebellion,uprising]againsttheelectedgovernment.[noncount]▪actsofinsurrection•ExamplesofINSURRECTIONthefamousinsurrectionoftheslavesinancientRomeunderSpartacus([ˈspɑ:təkəs])SpainwassevereinrepressingtheinsurrectionandtheNewYorknewspapersseizedonthestoryofhelplessCubanstryingtofreethemselvesfromoppression.bombardment•[bɔmˈbɑ:dmənt]•n.1.炮击；轰炸•bom·bard[+obj]1:toattack(aplace)withbombs,largeguns,etc.▪Thenavybombardedtheshore.2:tohitorattack(somethingorsomeone)constantlyorrepeatedly▪ScientistsbombardedthesamplewithX-rays.▪Thecarwasbombardedbyrocksasitdroveawayfromtheangrycrowd.•[count]▪Duringthewar,bombardmentsoccurredeverynight.[noncount]▪Thecitywassubjectedto（遭受到）aerial（[ˈɛriəl]空中的）bombardment.[=bombsweredroppedonthecityfromairplanes]theJournalreportedanexcitingsequenceoflandings,bombardmentsandfleetbattlesapocryphal•[英][əˈpɔkrəfəl][美][əˈpɑkrəfəl]•adj.1.真实性可疑的2.伪造的