跨文化交际重点归纳

1跨文化交际重点归纳Unit1InterculturalCommunicationWhatisculture?Cultureisthetotalaccumulationofbeliefs,customs,values,behaviors,institutionsandcommunicationpatternsthatareshared,learnedandpasseddownthroughthegenerationsinanidentifiablegroupofpeople.Generallyspeaking,cultureisthewayoflife.Cultureiseverythingandeverywhere.Thankstoculture,withoutitwecan’tsurviveinsocietyAmetaphor比喻ofcultureWecompareculturetoiceberg.Itsuggeststhatonlysmallpartofitisvisiblewhilemostofitliesconcealed.Habits,dressandmannersarevisible.Worldview,valuesystems,waysofthinking,nationalcharacterandanyotherdeepconceptsarefoundationofvisiblepart.“Whereareyougoing?”inChina,wegiveageneralanswertoit.ChinesecultureemphasizesonsocialrelationshipandtheheavyinterdependencebetweenChinesepeople.Inwesterncountries,itmaybeinterpretedasanintrusionintoone’s2privacy.Theunderlyingindividual-orientedrelationshipistheinvisiblepartoftheiceberg.exercise1.Ifyouareatouristguide,whatareyouexpectedtosaywhenyouareshowingtheforeignvisitorstoanothersite?A.Thisway,please.B.Comehere,please.C.Followme,please.D.Moveon.2.Avisitorstopsyouinthecorridorofyourhead-officeprobablytoaskfortheway.Whatisyourmostlikelyreplytothevisitor’s“Excuseme”?A.What’sthematter?B.Yes?C.That’sallright.D.Don’tworry.3.Atafair,avisitor,accidentallyhavingknockeddownyourposter,says,“I’mterriblysorry.”Whatshouldyoureply?A.Itdoesn’tmatter.B.Nevermind.C.Don’tworry.D.That’sallright.WhatisInterculturalcommunication?“Interculturalcommunicationiscontactbetweenpersonswhoidentifythemselvesasdistinctfromoneanotherinculturalterms.”(Collier&Thomas,1998)3interculturalcommunicationreferstoanycommunicationbetweentwomembersofanyculturalcommunities.(Samovar&Porter)Tofurtherunderstand“interculturalcommunication”,pleasereadthesectionof“InterculturalCommunicationReading”onP.2andanswerthequestions:1Inthestory,whydoesPetecouldnotcommunicatewellwithChinesestudents?LanguageproblemCultureproblemThewayPetehandledtheinterculturalcommunicationsituation2Whatarethemajorbarriersininterculturalcommunication?Languagedifference.(Ifweunderstandothers’languageordialect,butnottheircommunicationrules,wecanmadefluentfoolsofourselves.)Nonverbalcommunication:gestures,postures,facialexpressionetc.Stereotypes:likeculture,religion,idea,value,etc.Watchavideoandgetadeeperunderstanding.ClassificationsofCommunicationverbal/nonverbalDirect/indirectInterpersonal/interorganizational/massmedia-based4Intracultural/interculturalIntrapersonal/interpersonal/…CasestudyReadthepassageof“anInterculturalClassroom”.Thisisthebeginningofthispassage:Itwasahotday.Sinceitwasstilltooearlytousetheair-conditioner,accordingtotheregulationsoftheuniversity,everyclasskeptitsdooropentomaketheclassroomcooler.WhileIwaslecturingonChinesegrammarinClass4,wavesoflaughtercamefromtheneighboringClass5.AGermanstudentnamedStephenraisedhishandandstoodup.“ThelaughterfromClass5isbotheringus.Ithinkweshouldgototheirclasstoprotest,”hesaid….1HowmanydifferentsolutionsdidClass4propose?2whatisthemodeofcommunicationfavoredbyAsians?Whatculturalvaluesunderlieit?Asianpeopleareverycourteousandindirectintheircommunications.Theyputgreatemphasisongroupharmony,theyareverytolerant,evenwhentheyareoffended.Thesecollectivisticvalues,shapedbyConfusionteachings,werespreadfromChinatomanyAsiancountries.3whatisthemodeofcommunicationfavoredbyWesterners?Whatculturalvaluesunderlieit?Westernersaregenerallyverydirectandfrankintheirmodeof5communication.Andtheyhaveastrongsenseofprotectingtheirownrights.Individualisticvaluesaretheunderlyingprinciplesgoverningtheirbehavior.Classroomactivity11.ReadthestoryonP1andanswer:Whydoyouthinkthedriverisaskingfor$50insteadof$32.5?2.Workingroupsandwritedown5waystodealwiththesituation.SomelikelyinterpretationsThetaxidriveristryingtocheatLee.extrachargesforluggagethatLeedoesn’tknowabout.ExtrachargesfortollsthatLeedoesn’tknow.Thereisanhonestmisunderstanding.Leemisunderstoodwhatthedriversaid,ordidn’thearwhathesaidclearly.Thedriverhasincludedatipforhimself–anunreasonablylargeone.CultureNoteTaxicharges:intaxisintheus,itisquitenormaltohaveasmallextrachargeforeachofluggage.Intheustherearealsosometimestollsforbridges,tunnelsandcertainroads.andthetaxidriverwillpaythesefirstandthenaddthemtothecostoftheride.Tipping:intheusitisnormaltoaddatipof10%-15%tothecostofataxiride.(tippingisnotnormalinfast-foodrestaurantswherecustomsget6theirownfood.TaxisintheUs:whiletaxiscanoftenbefoundatUsairports,taxisarerareinallbutthelargestAmericancities,andtogetataxipeopleoftenneedtocallataxicompany.ThisisbecausemostAmericansdrivetheircars.(inlargecities,taxidriversareoftenimmigrantsformothercountrieswhodonotspeakEnglishastheirfirstlanguage.)Classroomactivity2ReadLettertoFran:NotEatingandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.WhydidNancyeatsolittle?2.TellthepossiblereasonsforNancy’sproblem.PossiblereasonsOnthewhole,AmericancookingtendstobesomewhatmoreblandthanthecookinginmostpartsofChina.SomewesternershaveallergicreactionstoMSG（oftenusedinChinesecooking)andgetheadachesiftheyeatfoodcontainingit.SomeChristianswon’tdrinkalcoholicbever