电力系统暂态分析李光琦习题答案第一章电力系统分析基础知识1-2-1对例1-2,取kV1102BU,MVASB30,用准确和近似计算法计算参数标幺值。解:①准确计算法:选取第二段为基本段,取kV1102BU,MVASB30,则其余两段的电压基准值分别为:9.5kVkV1101215.10211BBUkUkV6.66.6110110223kUUBB电流基准值:kAUSIBBB8.15.9330311kAUSIBBB16.0110330322各元件的电抗标幺值分别为:发电机:32.05.930305.1026.0221x变压器1T:121.05.3130110121105.02222x输电线路:079.011030804.023x变压器2T:21.01103015110105.02224x电抗器:4.03.062.26.6605.05x电缆线路:14.06.6305.208.026x电源电动势标幺值:16.15.911E②近似算法:取MVASB30,各段电压电流基准值分别为:kVUB5.101,kAIB65.15.103301kVUB1152,kAIB15.01153301kVUB3.63,kAIB75.23.63301各元件电抗标幺值:发电机:26.05.1030305.1026.0221x变压器1T:11.05.3130115121105.0222x输电线路:073.011530804.023x变压器2T:21.01530115115105.0224x电抗器:44.03.075.23.6605.05x电缆线路:151.03.6305.208.026x电源电动势标幺值:05.15.1011E发电机:32.05.930305.1026.0221x变压器1T:121.05.3130110121105.02222x输电线路:079.011030804.023x变压器2T:21.01103015110105.02224x电抗器:4.03.062.26.6605.05x电缆线路:14.06.6305.208.026x电源电动势标幺值:16.15.911E1-3-1在例1-4中,若6.3kV母线的三相电压为:)cos(3.62tUsa)120cos(3.62tUsa)120cos(3.62tUsa在空载情况下f点突然三相短路,设突然三相短路时30。试计算:(1)每条电缆中流过的短路电流交流分量幅值;(2)每条电缆三相短路电流表达式;(3)三相中哪一相的瞬时电流最大,并计算其近似值;(4)为多少度时,a相的最大瞬时电流即为冲击电流。解:(1)由例题可知:一条线路的电抗797.0x,电阻505.0r,阻抗943.022xrZ,衰减时间常数sT005.0505.0314797.0三相短路时流过的短路电流交流分量的幅值等于:kAZUImfm45.9943.03.62(2)短路前线路空载,故00mIsTa005.0505.0314797.064.57arctanrx所以taeti20064.27cos45.9)64.27cos(45.9tbeti20064.147cos45.9)64.147cos(45.9tbeti20036.92cos45.9)36.92cos(45.9(3)对于abc相:64.27a,64.147b,36.92c,可以看出c相跟接近于90,即更与时间轴平行,所以c相的瞬时值最大。kAiticc72.10)01.0()(max(4)若a相瞬时值电流为冲击电流,则满足90a,即64.14736.32或。第二章同步发电机突然三相短路分析2-2-1一发电机、变压器组的高压侧断路器处于断开状态,发电机空载运行,其端电压为额定电压。试计算变压器高压侧突然三相短路后短路电流交流分量初始值mI。发电机:MWSN200,kVUN8.13,9.0cosN,92.0dx,32.0dx,2.0dx变压器:MVASN240,kVkV8.13/220,13(%)SU解:取基准值kVUB8.13,MVASB240电流基准值kAUSIBBB04.108.1332403则变压器电抗标幺值13.0.813240240.81310013100%2222BBNTNSTUSSUUx发电机次暂态电抗标幺值216.08.132409.02008.132.0cos22222BBNNNddUSSUxx次暂态电流标幺值86.222.013.011dTxxI有名值kAIm05.3804.1086.222-3-1例2-1的发电机在短路前处于额定运行状态。(1)分别用E,E和qE计算短路电流交流分量I,I和dI;(2)计算稳态短路电流I。解:(1)010U,32185.0cos110I短路前的电动势:4.7097.132167.01000jIxjUEd3.11166.132269.01000jIxjUEd957.0)321.41sin(10dI754.01.41cos10qU01.1957.0269.0754.0000ddqqIxUE92.2957.026.2754.0000ddqqIxUE所以有:57.6167.0/097.10dxEI33.4269.0/166.10dxEI75.3269.0/01.10dqdxEI(2)29.126.2/92.2/0dqxEI第三章电力系统三相短路电流的实用计算第四章对称分量法即电力系统元件的各序参数和等值电路4-1-1若有三相不对称电流流入一用电设备,试问:(1)改用电设备在什么情况下,三相电流中零序电流为零?(2)当零序电流为零时,用电设备端口三相电压中有无零序电压?用电设备aIbIcI)0(I)0(U)0(Z答:(1)①负载中性点不接地;②三相电压对称;③负载中性点接地,且三相负载不对称时,端口三相电压对称。(2)4-6-1图4-37所示的系统中一回线路停运,另一回线路发生接地故障,试做出其零序网络图。~L311T1G1nxL32~2T2G2nx解:画出其零序等值电路)0(U第五章不对称故障的分析计算5-1-2图5-33示出系统中节点f处不对称的情形。若已知1fx、10fU,由f点看入系统的1)2()1(xx,系统内无中性点接地。试计算cb、、faI。abcffxfxfx)1(x)1(f)1(n0fU)1(fUfx)2(x)2(f)2(n)2(fUfx)1(x)0(f)0(n)2(fUfxfxx//)1()1(f)1(n0fU)1(fU)2(f)2(n)2(fUfxx//)2(戴维南等值)0(f)0(n)2(fUfxfxx//)1()1(f)1(n0fU)1(fU)2(f)2(n)2(fUfxx//)2()0(f)0(n)2(fUfx)(a)(b)(c解:正负零三序网如图(a),各序端口的戴维南等值电路如图(b)(a)单相短路,复合序网图如图(c)则:5.015.05.01////)2()1(0)0()2()1(ffffxxxxxUIII(b)5-1-3图5-34示出一简单系统。若在线路始端处测量aagaIUZ、bbgbIUZ、ccgcIUZ。试分别作出f点发生三相短路和三种不对称短路时aZ、bZ、cZ和(可取0、0.5、1)的关系曲线,并分析计算结果。~fTG1nxl解:其正序等值电路:aEGxTxllx5-2-1已知图3-35所示的变压器星形侧B、C相短路的fI。试以fI为参考向量绘制出三角形侧线路上的三相电流相量:(1)对称分量法;(2)相分量法。ABCabcxyzaIbIcIfI1、对称分量法ffCBAAAAIIaaaaIIIaaaaIII0111113111111312222)0()2()1()1(AI)1(bI)1(cI)1(aIfI)2(AI)2(aI)2(bI)2(cIfcaIII33fbII332三角侧零序无通路,不含零序分量,则:fcccfbbbfaaaIIIIIIIIIIII3333233)2()1()2()1()2()1(2、相分量法①电流向量图:其中相电流aI与相电流AI同相位,bI与BI、cI与CI同相位。且AaII31、BbII31、CcII31。原副边匝数比1321::NN。aIbIcIAIBICIaI化为矩阵形式为:ffCBAcbacbaIIIIIIIIIII01011100113110111001131101110011第六章电力系统稳定性问题概述和各元件的机电特性6-2-2若在例6-2中的发电机是一台凸极机。其参数为:MWSN300,kVUN18,875.0cosN,298.1dx,912.0qx,458.0dx试计算发电机分别保持0qE,0qE,0qU为常数时,发电机的功率特性。~1T1GL2TkVU11500cos,PdUdIUIqIGGUEqUqEqEQEqqxIj)(LTexxIjxIjdxIjqxIjdq)(qddxxIj解:(1)取基准值MVASB250,kVUB115)110(,kVUB209121220115)220(,则阻抗参数如下:260.1209242875.0300250289.12dx892.0209242875.0300250912.02qx448.0209242875.0300250458.02dx130.020924236025014.021Tx108.020922036025014.022Tx235.020925020041.0212Lx系统的综合阻抗为:473.0235.0108.0130.021TLTexxxx733.1473.0260.1eddxxx365.1473.0892.0eqqxxx921.0473.0448.0eddxxx(2)正常运行时的0GU,0E,0qE,0qE:12502500P,2.0)98.0(cos110tgQ,1115115U①由凸极机向量图得:令01SU,则:3099.110198.101)2.01()(00jUjQPIS9974.468665.1)2.01(365.1010jjIjxUEqSQ8