英语国家概况(修订版)Chapter-18

AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况NewZealandSocietyandCulture英语国家概况Chapter18ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesGEOGRAPHYGeographicalfeaturesclimateMajorcitiesI.GeographyForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesGeographicalFeaturesArethefollowingstatementsaboutNewZealandcorrect?NewZealandisanislandcountry.NewZealandiscomprisedoftwomainisland:theNorthIslandandtheSouthIsland.CookStrait,whichseparatesthetwomainislands,connectstheTasmanSeainthewestwiththeSouthPacificOceanintheeast.ThemountainousSouthIslandisthelargestlandmassofNewZealand.TheNorthIslandismarkedbyvolcanism.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesClimateWhatarethetwomaingeographicalfeaturesthatdominateNewZealand'sclimate?Mountainchainsdividethecountryintodramaticallydifferentclimateregions.Whichpartdoyouthinkisthewettestareaandwhichpartthedriest?WhenisthecoldestmonthandthewarmestmonthinNewZealand?AretheredramaticvariationsbetweensummerandwintertemperaturesinNewZealand?ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesMajorCities—WellingtonthecapitalofNewZealandthecountry'ssecondlargesturbanareathemostpopulousnationalcapitalinOceaniathesouthernmostcapitalcityintheworldatthesouthwesterntipoftheNorthIslandonCookStraitNewZealand'spolitical,cultural,commercialandcosmopolitancentrewiththe12thbestqualityoflivingintheworldForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesMajorCities—WellingtonRoyalNewZealandBalletbasedinWellingtonestablishedin1953acompanyof32dynamicdancers,performinganeclecticrepertoire(折衷的曲目)ofoutstandingdance,fornationalandinternationalaudiencesForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesMajorCities—WellingtonNationalSymphonyOrchestraacrownentityownedbytheGovernmentofNewZealand,with90full-timeplayersfoundedin1946currentlybasedintheMichaelFowlerCentre(迈克尔-福勒中心)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesMajorCities—AucklandintheNorthIslandofNewZealandthelargestandmostpopulousurbanareainthecountrystraddlesthevolcanoesoftheAucklandVolcanicFieldawarmtemperateclimateranksthe5thinasurveyofthequalityoflifeForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesDiscoveryofNewZealandNewZealandasaColonyNewZealandasaDominionNewZealandasaRealmII.HistoryForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesDiscoveryofNewZealandWhowerethefirstsettlersinNewZealand?WhowerethefirstEuropeanstoreachNewZealandbutwithoutlandingonit?WhofirstmappedtheentirecoastlineofNewZealand?ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesNewZealandasaColonyWhatistheTreatyofWaitangi?WhatsignificancedidithaveonNewZealand’shistory?DidtheTreatyofWaitangiprovideanabsolutelysoundbasisforBritishsovereignty?ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesNewZealandasaDominionin1907,anindependentdominionin1947,afullyindependentnationinWWI:enthusiasticallybackedBritain;sufferedgreatlossinWWII:sufferedlargecasualties;stimulateditseconomyForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesNewZealandasaRealmmid-1980sdeclareditsantinuclearpolicymid-1980s—mid-1990sradicaleconomicreformsauniqueblendofSouthPacificandEuropeancultureswithastrongnationalidentityofitsownForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesIIIGovernmentTheLegislatureTheExecutiveTheJudiciaryPoliticalPartiesIII.GovernmentForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesGovernmentWhatisNewZealand’spoliticalsystem?HowcanalawbepassedinNewZealand?HowmanypartsisNewZealand’sParliamentcomposedof?Whatisthepolicy-makingbodyinNewZealand?Whatdoesthejudiciaryconsistof?WhatarethetwomainpartiesinNewZealand?Whichpartyisleadingthegovernmentcurrently?ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesPoliticalPartiesMaoriParty(毛利党)apoliticalpartyinNewZealandformedon7July,2004TheMaoriPartybelieves：MaoriownedtheforeshoreandseabedbeforeBritishcolonization；TheTreatyofWaitangi(《怀唐伊条约》)madenospecificmentionofforeshoreorseabed；Noonehassubsequentlypurchasedorotherwiseacquiredtheforeshoreortheseabed;MaorishouldthereforestillowntheseabedandtheforeshoretodayForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesPoliticalPartiesUnitedFuture(联合未来党)anunregisteredNewZealandpoliticalpartyfoundedin2000policy:UnitedFutureisamoderncentreparty,focusedonNewZealand'sbestinterests.Wepromotestrongfamiliesandvibrantcommunities.Weseekafairandopensociety,freefrompoverty,ignoranceandprejudice,andbasedoninnovation,self-reliance,justiceandintegrityinbusinessandpersonaldealings.Wepromoteasustainableenvironment,andacompetitiveeconomywhichencouragesgrowth,prosperity,ownershipandopportunitythroughmarketpolicieswherepossible,andgovernmentwherenecessary.WewantallNewZealanders,whatevertheirbackground,raceorcreed,tohavethechan