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[键入文字]I摘要汽车驱动桥是汽车的主要部件之一，其基本的功用是增大由传动轴或直接由变速器传来的转矩，再将转矩分配给左右驱动车轮，并使左右驱动车轮具有汽车行驶运动所要求的差速功能。汽车差速器位于驱动桥内部，为满足汽车转弯时内外侧车轮或两驱动桥直接以不同角度旋转，并传递扭矩的需求，在传递扭矩时应能够根据行驶的环境自动分配扭矩，提高了汽车通过性。其质量，性能的好坏直接影响整车的安全性，经济性、舒适性、可靠性。随着汽车技术的成熟，轻型车的不断普及，人们根据差速器使用目的的不同，设计出多种类型差速器。与国外相比，我国的车用差速器开发设计不论在技术上，还是在成本控制上都存在不小的差距，尤其是目前兴起的三维软件设计方面，缺乏独立开发与创新能力，这样就造成设计手段落后，新产品上市周期慢，材料品质和工艺加工水平也存在很多弱点。本文认真地分析了国内外驱动桥中差速器设计的现状及发展趋势，在论述汽车驱动桥的基本原理和运行机理的基础上，提炼出了在差速器设计中应掌握的满足汽车行驶的平顺性和通过性、降噪技术的应用及零件的标准化、部件的通用化、产品的系列化等关键技术；阐述了汽车差速器的基本原理并进行了系统分析；根据经济、适用、舒适、安全可靠的设计原则和分析比较，确定了轻型车差速器总成及半轴的结构型式；轻型车差速器的结构设计强度计算运用了理论分析成果；最后运用CATIA软件对汽车差速器进行建模设计，提升了设计水平，缩短了开发周期，提高了产品质量，设计完全合理，达到了预期的目标。关键词：驱动桥；差速器；半轴；结构设计；[键入文字]IIAbstractAutomobiledrivingaxleisoneofthemaincomponentsofcars,itsbasicfunctionisincreasedbythetransmissionshaftordirectlybycomingfromtorque,againwilltorquedistributiontodrivewheels,andmakeaboutdrivingwheelhasaboutvehiclemovementrequireddifferentialfunction.Autodifferentialdrivetomeetinternal,locatedincarwheelorwhenturninginsideandoutsidetwoaxlesdirectlywithdifferentpointofview,andtransfertherotatingtorquetransmissiontorqueindemand,accordingtotheenvironmentshouldbedrivingtorque,improvetheautomaticassignmentcarthroughsex.Itsquality,performancewillhaveadirectimpactonthesecurityofthevehicle,economy,comfortandreliability.Ascartechnologymaturity,theincreasingpopularityofsmall,peopleofdifferentpurposesaccordingtodifferential,thedesigngivesavarietyoftypesdifferential.Comparedwithforeigncountries,China'sautomotivedifferentialdevelopmentdesignwhetherintechnology,orinthecostcontroltherearelargegap,especiallyatpresenttheriseof3dsoftwaredesign,lackofindependentdevelopmentandinnovationability,thuscausingdesignmeansbackward,newproductslistedcycleslow,materialsqualityandcraftprocessinglevelalsohasmanyweaknesses.Thispaperconscientiouslyanalyzesthedifferentialdriveaxledesignathomeandabroadinthepresentsituationanddevelopmenttrendofautomobiledrivenaxle,thisbasicprincipleandoperationmechanism,carryonthebasisofthedifferentialpracticedameetthedesignshouldbemasteredinsmoothandautomobiledrivingthroughsexual,noisereductiontechnologyapplicationandpartsofstandardization,partsofgeneralization,serializationofproducts,andotherkeytechnology;Expoundsthebasicprincipleandautomotivedifferentialsystemanalysis;Accordingtoeconomic,applicable,comfortable,safeandreliabledesignprinciplesandanalysiscomparison,determinethesmalldifferentialassemblyandhalfshaftstructuretype;Smalldifferentialstructuredesignstrengthcalculationusingtheoreticalanalysisresults;FinallyusingCATIAsoftwaremodelingdesignofautomotivedifferential,promoteddesignlevel,shortenthedevelopmentcycle,improvetheproductquality,designcompletelyreasonable,canachievethedesiredgoals.Keywords：Differentialmechanism；Differentialgear；Planetarygear；Semiaxis；[键入文字]III目录1绪论.....................................................................11.1我国汽车驱动桥的现状分析.................................................11.2我国汽车零部件的发展趋势.................................................21.3本文研究主要内容.........................................................22汽车驱动桥的总体结构与差速器分类...........................................32.1汽车驱动桥的总体结构及原理简介...........................................32.2汽车驱动桥的设计要求.....................................................52.3差速器的组成与工作原理...................................................52.4差速器的分类.............................................................62.4.1对称锥齿轮式差速器..................................................62.4.2滑块凸轮式差速器....................................................92.4.3蜗轮式差速器.......................................................102.4.4牙嵌式自由轮差速器.................................................113普通圆锥齿轮式差速器设计..................................................133.1普通圆锥齿轮式差速器的差速原理..........................................133.2普通圆锥齿轮式差速器的结构..............................................143.3普通圆锥齿轮式差速器的设计和计算........................................143.3.1行星齿轮数目的选择.................................................153.3.2行星齿轮球面半径的确定.............................................153.3.3行星齿轮与半轴齿轮齿数选择.........................................173.3.4差速器圆锥齿轮模数及半轴齿轮节圆直径的初步确定.....................173.3.5压力角.............................................................183.3.6行星齿轮安装孔的直径及其深度.......................................183.3.7差速器齿轮的几何计算...............................................193.3.8差速器齿轮的强度计算...............................................203.4差速器的材料............................................................213.5差速器壳体设计..........................................................223.5.1差速器壳参数设计...................................................234半轴的设计................................................................244.1结构形式分析............................................................244.2半浮式半轴杆部半径的确定................................................254.3半轴花键设计............................................................274.3.1半轴的工作条件和性能要求...........................................29[键入文字]IV4.3.2选择用钢.................................................