绿色化学与有机合成

2005,No.5Chemistry&Bioengineering7:2005-03-02:(1978-),,,,:;:13084474320,E2mail:xfzhumulangma@21cn1com,,(,610065):,,:;;;:;;;:O62113:A:1672-5425(2005)05-0007-02[1],1111StanfordTrostBM1991[1],,,,,,,,112,,,,11211,,11212,,,,,,11213,,,,,113,,,,,©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:;,;7kg1kg,,95%,9,2,,211,,,,,[2],,MichaelMannich212,,(scCO2)NBS,scCO2100%[3];DeSimonescCO2[2],,:,,,,213,(BF4PF6)(-40300)[4],,,,,sc(OTf)3,,96%,[3]:Fiedel2Crafts3,:;,,,[5],,4,:[6],,,[7],,,:[1],.[M].:,2001:9222.[2],.[M].:,2002:1592163.[3].[M].:,2003:6022605.[4],.[M].:,2002:90.[5]CzernikS,BridgwaterAV.Overviewofapplicationsofbiomassfastpyrolysisoil[J].Energy&Fuels,2004,(18):5902598.[6],,.21[J].,2004,(12):194521949.[7]RitterSK,GreenRewards.Committeeonchallengesforthechemicalsciencesinthe21stcentury[J].Beyondthemolecularfrontier:ChallengesforChemistryandChemicalEngineering,2003,(15):64265.(11)©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:[1]DemainAL.Contributionsofgeneticstotheproductionanddis2coveryofmicrobialpharmaceuticals[J].PureApplChem,1988,60:8332836.[2]DemainAL.Overproductionofmicrobialmetabolitesanden2zymesduetoalterationofregulation[J].AdvBiochemEngBio2technol,1971,1:1132142.[3]SaierJrMH.Multiplemechanismscontrollingcarbonmetabo2lisminbacteria[J].BiotechnolBioeng,1998,58:1702174.[4]SaierJrMH.CyclicAMP2independentcataboliterepressioninbacteria[J].FEMSMicrobiolLett,1996,138:972103.[5]AgrawalP,KoshyG,RamseierM.Analgorithmforoperatingafed2batchfermentoratoptimumspecificgrowthrate[J].Biotech2nolBioeng,1989,33:1152125.[6]NewayJO.Fermentationprocessdevelopmentofindustrialor2ganisms[M].NewYork:MarcelDekker,1989:1312136.[7],,,.[J].,2002,29(6):72275.[8]GeshevaV.IsolationofspontaneousStreptomyceshygroscopicus111281phosphate2deregulatedmutantshyperproducingitsantibi2oticcomplex[J].BiotechnolLett,1994,16:4432448.MetabolicRegulationofFermentationProcessesCHENGang2xin,XIEHong2guo,YANGFeng2Ke(ChemicalEngineeringCollege,QingdaoUniversityofScience&Technology,Qingdao266042,China)Abstract:Inthefieldofindustrialfermentation,fermentationmicrobiologistssearchforarareoverprodu2cingstraininnature,thenfurtherderegulatethemicroorganismsothatitoverproduceshugequantitiesofacommerciallyimportantproductsuchasametaboliteoranenzyme.Deregulationisbroughtaboutbynutrition2alaswellasclassicalandmoleculargeneticmanipulationstobypassand/orremovenegativeregulatorymecha2nismsandtoenhancepositiveregulatorymechanisms.Thesemechanismsincludeinduction,nutritionalregula2tionbysourcesofcarbon,nitrogenandphosphorus,andfeedbackcontrol.Thecontrolsandtheirmodificationarethesubjectsofthisreview.Keywords:regulation;fermentation;industrialmicrobiology;productionofmetabolites(8)GreenChemistryandOrganicsynthesesXUFeng,WANGMei,LIMin2jie(SchoolofChemicalEngineering,SichuanUniversity,Chengdu610065,China)Abstract:Greenchemistryisveryimportanttoorganicsyntheses.Inordertodecreaseenvironmentalwastesandrealizegreensyntheses,thefollowingmethodsarenecessary.Developeorganicsynthesesbygreenchemistrytheory;Chooseinnocuoussolvents;Searchgreenchemistryproducts;Othernewtechnology.Keywords:greenchemistry;organicsyntheses;catalysis;solvent©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.