青少年期身心发展特点-林崇德

[]2004-11-15[](1941-),,,,,(,100875)[],:,;,;,,,[];;;;[]G40[]A[]100220209(2005)012004820920043,183.67,,?,18,,,,,,,(Adolescence),?,Pa2palia(HumanDevelop2ment)9,2004[1],,,[2][3],,,,(adolescencepuberty),,,,(peakperiod),,,,,209060,2.1cm,,60,9066010;9-1012-13,,84()20051(187)©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,,,,(pubertygrowthspurt),(growthspurt),3-5,,6-8,11-129,,11-12,,11-12,1419,23;,26,,5,,5-6,8-1010,10,,,(,secondarysexcharac2teristics),:,,13-15,19;,,,;,,;,10;,;,,(Feelingofbeinganadult),,,,,,,,,,,;;,;,,();,,,,,,,;,(),,,,,,,,,?:121400,1400,,;1095%,12,,;(8-13/),,13-14,,;,,94©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,,,,,,,,(menarche)(menstrua2tion),,,,,,,10-16,,;,10,;13,,15,(seminale2mission),,,,12-18(sexualmaturity),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(cognition)(thinking)(intelligence),,,,,,,(Piaget,1896-1980)(for2maloperation),11-15,,,(formaloperationstage),,,2005()20051(187)©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.()()?,:(),?,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,(,introspection)(monitoring),(metacognition),,,,,,,,,(experiencetype),,(theoreticaltype),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:(1),;(2),,;(3),,,,,,,,;,,,,,(),,,(),,,1928,,,,2080,,15©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(p0.01)?:,,,;,;,,(,75%),,:,,,,,,(37.10%),,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,(thinkingtraits),(intelligencetraitsofthinking),,,,,,(independence)(criticism),;,,,,??,,,(self-con2sciousness),,,,,,,,,,,25()20051(187)©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,;,,,;;,,,,;,,,,20,,(socialization),,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,(),11(feelingofbe2inganadult)(indepen2dence),21(ego),,(self-con2sciousness)31(sexualma2turity),,41(sex2ualrole),,,()(masculinity)()(femininity),(sexualidentification)51,(adultsociety),61:;;,,,()35©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:(),(),(),()()HatzichristouHopf[4],,;,,;,,,;,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,[1],,,,,,,,,[1],,,,,,,(closure),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,45()20051(187)©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,(),,,,,,,11:(1),,,,;,,,(2),,(3):,,,,,,(4),,,(5),,,,,(6),,:,,,,,,,;,;,,,,21(1),,,,:,;,;,;,;,,,,,,:,55©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(2),:;,,,,,,,,[][1]Papalia,D.E.,Olds,S.W.&Feldman,R.D.Humandevelopment(9thedition)[M].NewYork:McGraw-Hill,2004.[2].[M]1:,2002.[3].[M]1:,2002.[4]Hatzichristou,C.,Hopf,D.Amultiperspectivecompari2sonofpeersociometricstatusgroupsinchildhoodandado2lescence[J].ChildDevelopment,1996,67:1085-1102.()CharacteristicsofPhysiologicalandMentalDevelopmentofAdolescentsLINChong-de,LIQing-an(InstituteofDevelopmentalPsychology,BNU,Beijing100875,China)Abstract:Thephysiologicalandmentalcharacteristicsoftheadolescentsarethestarting-pointfortheirideologicalandmoraleducations.Methodologically,itisacommonpracticetolookintothecharacteristicsoftheirdevelopmentfromtheperspectiveoftheirphysiological,cognitiveandsocialdevelopment.First,thephysiologicaldevelopmentoftheadolescentsisnothingmorethanthechangesintheirbody,visceraandsexualmaturation.Buttheircognitivedevelopmentischaracterizedwiththethreefeatures.(1)Theirabstractlogicalthinkingispreponderantcomparedwithotherstagesoflife.(2)Theirdialecticalthinkingliesinapro2cessofgradualdevelopment.And(3)therearecontradictionsconcealedintherepresentationoftheirthinkingtraits.However,theessenceoftheirsocialdevelopmentistheirsocializationthatincludesthedevelopmentsintheirsocialcognition,socialinterac2tion,sexualrole,pro-socialbehaviors,attachment,egoandothers.Keywords:morality;adolescent;physiologicality;cognitivity;sociality65()20051(187)©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.