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©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.():,,,:;;;:TD953:A:100925683(2008)1220012206ApplicationStatusandDevelopmentofNon2cyanideGoldLeachingReagentsBaiChengqing(HunanShuikoushanNon2ferrousMetalGroupCo.,Ltd.)Abstract:Thenon2cyanidegoldleachingtechnologyofisreviewed.Thegoldleachingmechanismofnon2cyanidegoldleachingreagentsarepresented,includingthiourea,thiosulfate,thiocyanate,polysul2fideandcalciumpolysulphides,halogenanditscompound.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthea2bovereagentsarecomparedandtheirapplicationstatusanddevelopmenttrendareraised.Keywords:Non2cyanidereagent;Leaching;Gold;Mechanism1100,,,,,:,;,,;,,,[1],,2,,,2.11941,2030a2070,,,,,,[26](H2NCSNH2),,,,,,,,:Au-e-+2SC(NH2)2Au[SC(NH2)2]+2,Au[SC(NH2)2]+2,9.121021,Au+/Au1.69V0.38V,,Fe()(pH1.5),Fe3+,21©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(NH2)2+Fe3+Au[SC(NH2)2]+2+Fe2+,:2SC(NH2)2-2e-NH2(NH)CSSC(NH)NH2+2H+,Fe3+,,,,,,:;,;,45;,;,:,;,,;,;;,2.2,,,[7],,,,,,,:4Au+8S2O2-3+O2+2H2O4[Au(S2O3)2]3-+4OH-Au+5S2O2-3+[Cu(NH3)4]2+[Au(S2O3)2]3-+[Cu(S2O3)3]5-+4NH3:,[8]::Au-e-Au+Au++2NH3[Au(NH3)2]+[Au(NH3)2]++2S2O2-32NH3+[Au(S2O3)2]3-:[Cu(NH3)4]2++e-2NH3+[Cu(NH3)2]+4[Cu(NH3)2]++O2+2H2O+8NH34[Cu(NH3)4]2++4OH-,,,,pH9.2,[Cu(NH3)2]+[Cu(NH3)4]2+,,[Cu(S2O3)3]5-[912],,,,,,2.31905,,,,()(),10231042[13,14],,,[1519]Fe3+,[Fe(SCN)4]-,,:Fe3++4SCN-[Fe(SCN)4]-[Fe(SCN)4]-+AuFe2++[Au(SCN)2]-+2SCN-31:20081212©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[Fe(SCN)4]-+Au3Fe2++[Au(SCN)4]-+8SCN-,,,,,,,,2.42.4.1,[20],S2-2S2-3S2-3S2-5,,,[21,22],,,,,,,:2Au+2HS-+1/2O22[AuS]-+H2O2Au+4HS-+2H++1/2O22[Au(HS)2]-+H2O2Au+2S2-+2H++1/2O22[AuS]-+H2O2Au+2S2-2+2H++1/2O22[AuS]-+H2O+2S2Au+2S2-3+2H++1/2O22[AuS]-+H2O+4S2Au+2S2-4+2H++1/2O22[AuS]-+H2O+6S2Au+2S2-5+2H++1/2O22[AuS]-+H2O+8S,,,2.4.2(LSSS),,,LSSS(CaSx),,,,,,[23,24],,96%,1/81/22.52.5.1,,2070,2.5.1.1[25],:2Au+3C12+2HCl2HAuC14,,,,12h,AuC13,AuC13H2AuCl3O,HClHAuCl4:2Au+3Cl22AuCl3AuCl3+H2OH2AuCl3OH2AuCl3O+HClHAuCl4+H2O,NaClH2SO4,MnO2,,[26],:,;,;,,4147620081212©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[27,28]:NaClO+HClHC1O+NaCl2Au+HC1O+H++3Cl-2[AuCl2]-+H2O2Au+3HC1O+3H++5Cl-2[AuCl4]-+3H2O:,,,2.5.1.3,,,,,:2Au+NaC1O3+6HC1+NaC12NaAuCl4+3H2O,:,99%;,;,,510[29];,,2.5.1.4ClO2-Cl-H2O,:2NaClO3+2H2SO4+(COOH)22ClO2+2CO2+2NaHSO4+2H2O3ClO2+5Au+12H++17Cl-5[AuCl4]-+6H2O,,95.5%,,[30],(,40),;,,;10h,,,,,,,2.5.2[31,32],,,Au+Au3+,,2:2Au+3Br2+2Br-2[AuBr4]-Shaff1881,,DK,,[33]:,,pH,,,,,,,,,,2.5.3,FrinkelStein[AuI2]-[AuCl4]-,A.Davis,Au-I--I2-H2OAu-I--ClO--H2O,I-3,ClO-I-I2,,[AuX2]-(X):CN-I-Br-Cl-SCN-,,,,,2,[AuI2]-,MarunDavis,PourbaixLatimerAu-I2-H2OEh2pH[34,35],51:20081212©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[AuI4]-[AuI2]-,[AuI4]-,pH,,Au-Cl2-H2OAu-Br2-H2OEh2pH,[AuC14]-[AuBr4]-,[AuI4]-[AuI2]-MarunAngelidisDavis,Au-I--I2-H2O[36]2:I2+I-I-3K1=6.921022Au+I-+I-32[AuI2]-K2=3.810-2[AuI2]-+I-3[AuI4]-+I-K3=5.011017AuI+I-[AuI2]-K4=0.71,,,,,,,2.6,,KMnO4,,[37,38],,,pH10,10mg/L,1516,87%,,,,,,,,3,,,,,,,,,,,:[1],.[J].,2004,(8)2124.[2]SUbaldini,PFornari,RMassidda.Aninnovativethioureagoldleachingprocess.Hydrometallurgy,1998,48(1):113124.[3],.[J].,2000,29(2):3033.[4]TSUrbanski,PFornari,CAbbruzzese.Goldelectrowinningfromaqueousalcoholicthioureasolutions.Hydrometallurgy,2000,55(2):137152.[5]FZEiAamrani,LBeyer,JLCortina,AMSastre.Uphillperme2ationmodelofgold(III)anditsseparationfrombasemetalsusingthioureaderivativesasionophres.Hydrometallurgy,1998,50(3):315330.[6]PierreLacoste2Bouchet,GuyDeschenes,EdwardGhali.Thiourealeachingofacopper2goldoreusingstatisticaldesingn.Hydrometal2lurgy,1998,47(2):189203.[7].[M].().:,19983089.[8],,.(I)[J].,1993,24(2)169173.[9].[J].,1992(4):3336.[10]J.W.LanghansJr.,K.P.V.LeiandT.G.Carnahan,Copper2cat2alyzedthiosulfateleachingoflow2gradegoldores.Hydrometallur2gy.1992.29.191203.[11]PhilipA.Schmitz,SaskiaDuyvesteyn.Wil1iamP.Johnmn,etal.,Ammoniacalthiosulfateandsodiumcyanideleachingofpreg2rob2bingGoldstrikeorecarbonaceousmatter,Hydrometallurgy.2001,60,2540.[12]C.Abbrurrese.[J].,1996(3):3641.[13],,.[J].,2006,58(4):2628.[14].[M]..1987,296314.6147620081212©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[15],,.[J].,1992,13(9):3337.[16],.[J].,1995,16(3):4042.[17],.2[J].(),1996,(3):7276.[18],.[J].,1997,18(3):3338.[19]KholmogorovAG,KononovaON,PashkovGL,eta1.Thiocya2natesolutionsingoldtechnology[J].Hydrometallurgy,2002,64(1):4348.[20].(I)[J].,1992(10):3236.[21]GJSparrow,JTWoodcock.Cyanideandotherlixiviantleachingsystemsforgoldwithsomepracticalapplications.Mineralprocess2ingandExtractiveMetallurgyReview,1995,14:134140.[22].[J].,1993(12):912.[23],.2[J].,1994,15(1):3134.[24],.[J].,1993,14(10):4043.[25]C.W.AMuri,R.D.Slett,C.J.PriddleHydrometallurgyResearchPevelopmentandPlantpracticeProc.Int.Symp3r