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定语从句一、概念：定语从句：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词或整个主句的从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。从句前面是否有先行词，是否被该从句修饰，是判断该从句是不是定语从句的重要标记之一。关系词：代替前面的先行词或整个句子的代词或副词分别称为关系代词、关系副词。关系词必须在从句中作一成分，否则它不是关系词，也就没有定语从句了。根据其在从句中所作的成分选择关系代词或关系副词。二、关系代词的选用关系词代替前面的名词、代词或整个句子在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语，这时必须用关系代词。关系代词有who,whom,that,which,whose,as.（一）、先行词是指人的名词或代词时：1.who/whom1).先行词为those,people,all,anyone,one,ones时；2).主句以therebe开头；3).在非限制性定语从句中2.that1).当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时；2).先行词既有人又有物时3).关系代词在从句中作表语时；3.whose除此之外可以互换。它们在从句中作宾语时可以省掉，但在介词后的which不能省。=ofwhom表所属关系，在句中作定语。Example：1）Afriend_________helpsyouintimeofneedisarealfriend.2）Theman___________waspretendingtowaveaskedhimtocomecloser.3）Those______wanttoseethefilmmustgotothecinemaintime.4）All______heardthenewswereamazed.5）Anyone_______refusedtobowwasthrownintoprison.who/thatwho/thatwhowhowho6)One________doesn’tworkhardwillneverbehappy.7)People_________canseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.8)Thereisastranger_______wantstoseeyou.9)AbrahamLincoln,________wasmurderedatatheatreinWashingtonD.C,diedonApril!5,1965.10)Anewteacherwillcometomorrow________willteachyouGerman.11)Thestudent_______waspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitor,_________isverymodest(谦虚)andstudiesveryhard.12)Thereisateacher________presents(陈述)thematerialinthemostinterestingwayand____enjoyswhatheteaches.13)Heisthefinestcomrade________________Ihaveeverworkedwith.14)Sheisthesameteacher____________waspraisedtheotherday.15)Heistheonlyperson_________understandsme.16)Who______hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?17)Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_________hehadvisited.18)Heisnottheman______heusedtobe.whowhowhowhowhowhowhowhowhothat/who/whomthat/whothat/whothatthatthat19).Whereistheman______________washerejustnow?20).Theoldlady_________________youtalkedtoishergrandmother.21).Those_________wanttoseethefilmcangotobuythetickets.22).Areyoutheboy________________bikewasstolen?23).He________playswithfiregetsburned.24).Thefirstperson__________________IvisitedwasMr.Jim.25).Heistheonlyoneoftheteachers_______________(know)Japaneseinourschool.who/thatwho/whom/thatwhowhosewhowho/whom/thatwhoknows（二）、先行词是指物的名词或代词时：whichthatwhose1.介词后面2.先行词为that3.非限制性定语从句中1.先行词为不定代词2.先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰时3.先行词既有人又有物时4.主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句5.主语以therebe开头时6.先行词为连系动词be后面的表语时除此之外可以互换。它们在从句中作宾语时可以省掉，但在介词后的which不能省。=ofwhich表所属关系，在句中作定语。1.Isthereanything_______Icandoforyou？2.That’sall______Icansave.3.Youcantakeanyseat______isfree.4.Thereislittletime________Icanspare.5.Thisisthefirstcomposition_____IhavewritteninEnglish.6.Thisisthebestfilm______hasbeenshownthisyear.Examplethat/xthat/xthatthat/xthatthat/x7.It’sabook______willhelpyoualot.8.YesterdayIboughttwofish，nowyoucanseethetwo______stillaliveinabasinofwater.9.Sheiswearingthesamedress______sheworeatthatmeeting.10.Ihavethesameopinion______youhave.11.Latermyfathertalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersons______herememberedintheschool.12.Thereisaseatinthecorner______isstillfree.that/whichthatthatthatthatthat13.Chinaisnotthecountry_____itusedtobe.14.Thisistheroomin______welivedlastyear.15.Cruse’sdog,______wasnotveryold,becameillanddied.16.Mr.Smithnoddedseveraltimesandsmiled,______rathersurprisedme..17.HereistheEnglishgrammarbook______,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.thatwhichwhichwhichwhich18.I’llneverforgetthedays____________wespentinthecountryside.19.Alltheoranges___________sheboughtmewereeatenbymyson.20.Hehasfoundthat___________hewaslookingfor.21.Lookatthehouse_____________roofisred.22.Lookatthehousetheroof_____________isred.23.Helivesinaroom______________windowfacestothesouth.24.Helivesinaroomthewindow______________facestothesouth.which/that/xthat/xwhichwhoseofwhichwhoseofwhich（三）关系代词asthesame…as相同或相似thesame…that同一物或同一人1、suchassuch…asso…as2、asmany…asasmuch…as3、Example1.Thisisthesamewatch____________Ilostyesterday.2.Theyarestudying_________subjectsasweare.3.Thebookisnotsuch_______Iexpect.4._______booksasthisaretoodifficulttobeginners.5.Hehas_____________booksasIhave.6.Youmayuse____________waterasyouneed.as/that/xthesameasSuchasmanyasmuch7.Hereis_______bigastone________noonecanlift.Cf.Hereis_______bigastone________noonecanliftit.8.Thisis_______adifficultproblem_______nostudentcanworkout.Cf.Thisis_______adifficultproblem_______nostudentcanworkitout.9.Heisnotthesameman________heusedtobe.Cf.Heisnot__________heusedtobe.10.Hewearsthesamejacket_________Iwear.Cf.Hewearsthesamejacket_________heworeyesterday.11.Heisnotsuchafool________helooks.12.I’veneverseen________alazyboy_______you.soassothatsuchassuchthataswhatasthat/(as)assuchas（四）as,which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰或限制整个主句从句放在主句前从句与主句意义一致有“正如”之意从句与主句意义不一致从句的谓语是一个复合结构从句为否定句从句与主句为因果关系或对主句的评论aswhich除此之外二者可以换用，作宾语时不能省1)as(it)seemslikely(看来很有可能)；2)as(it)oftenhappens(象往常一样)；3)as(it)appears(从┄里看得出来)；4)as(it)waspointedout；5)as(it)wassaidearlier；6)as/remember/understand/see/know等1.Hewasaforeigner,________Iknowfromhislooks.2.______weknownow,heavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedunlessairholdsthemback.3.Shehasmarriedagain,________wasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,________wasunexpected.4.