logistics

一1．请为我们介绍一下当前中国的物流现状。PleasegiveusanintroductionofthepresentsituationinrelationtologisticsinChina.2．物流活动是供应链的构成部分。Logisticsactivitiesispartofasupplychain.3．在工业生产中，物流成为快速增长的利润源。Inindustrialproduction,logisticsisbecominganincreasingbenefit.4．发达国家的物流成本占国民生产总值的10%左右。Inindustrializedcountrythetotalcostinlogisticsamountsto10%orsooftheGDP.5．物流活动的顺畅运转对于2008年北京奥运会有巨大的影响。Thesmoothoperationoflogisticsactivitieshashugeimpactonthe2008BeijingOlympicGames1.Toomuchpackagingincreasesthelogisticscostswhileinadequatepackagingcanresultinthedamagesofgoods.过多的包装会增加物流成本,然而包装不足可能引起货物损坏。2．Thepurposeofreducinginventoryistomakebetteruseoftheoverallcapitals.降低库存是为了全面有效地利用资金。3．Purchasinghasagreatimpactontheefficiencyofthecompany.采购对公司的效益有很大影响。4．Rightdemandforecastingcanimprovethecustomerservicelevel.正确的需求预测可以提高客户服务水平。5．Materialhandlingplaysaimportantroleinreducinginventoryandincreasingproductivity.物资搬运在降低库存和提高生产率方面发挥重要作用。二、1.在物流系统中，客户服务是关键活动之一。Inthelogisticssystemcustomerserviceisoneofthekeyactivities.2.出色的客户服务能够为供应链中的所有成员增值。Theperfectcustomerservicecanaddvalueforallmembersofthesupplychain.3.客户服务是衡量物流系统有效的尺度。Customerserviceisameasureoftheeffectivenessofthelogisticssystem.4.众所周知，物流系统的最终目的是使客户满意。Asfarasweknow,theultimatepurposeofanylogisticssystemistosatisfycustomers.5.产品和服务只有在客户的手里才具有价值。Thereisnovalueintheproductorserviceuntilitisinthehandsofcustomers.1.质量好的商品虽然花费高，但从长远来看是经济的。Inthelongrun,itiseconomictobuygoodqualitygoods,eventhoughtheycostmore.2.公司应该采取相应的措施提高客户服务水平。Thecompanyshouldtakerevenantmeasurestoimprovecustomerservicelevel.3.你很难解释什么是客户服务，客户服务又是做些什么。Youfinditdifficulttoexplainwhatcustomerserviceisanddoes.4.很多公司已经建立了已客户为中心的市场战略。Manyfirmshaveestablishedthecustomer-focusedmarketingstrategy.5.除了基本服务外，公司还会为关键客户提供特色服务。Inadditiontobasicservice,thecompanywillprovidespecialserviceforkeycustomers.三、1.仓储式生产者与消费者之间的纽带。Warehousingisanimportantlinkbetweentheproducerandtheconsumer.2.仓库储存所有产品,配送中心以最低库存仓库储存所有产品,满足最大需求。满足最大需求。Warehousingstoreallproducts,distributioncentersholdminimuminventoriestosatisfymaximumdemand.3.商品的数量越多，所需仓库的规模也就越大。Thelargerthequantitiesofgoods,thelargerthesizeofwarehouse.4.近年来，仓库的设施设备技术发展很快。Warehousingfacilitiesandequipmenttechnologieshaveimprovedgreatlyinrecentyears.5.产品必须储存，以便日后使用和消费。Productsmustbestoredforlateruseandconsumption.1.持有库存的主要原因是补偿需求的不确定性。Aprimaryreasontoholdinventoryistooffsetuncertaintiesindemand.2.频繁缺货会让顾客寻求其他供应商。Frequentstock-outsmaycausethecustomertoseekanothersupplier.3.库存被认为是增长的一种手段。Frequentisviewasawaytoaddvalue.4.库存过量不仅增加仓储的费用，也增加其他方面的费用。Overstockofinventorycanincreasetheexpensenotonlyinwarehouse,butalsoinotherexpense.5.并不是一定说库存越小，企业的竞争能力就越小。Itisnotnecessarilythecasethatlessinventoriestheenterpriseshave,thelesscompetitivetheyare.四、1.Pipelinesoperateonatwenty-four-hourbasis,sevendaysperweek,andonlyarelimitedbycommoditychangeoverandmaintenance.管道可以一周7天、一天24小时运作，只需要更换运输的产品和进行必要的维修保养。2．Watercarriageisparticularlysuitedformovementofheavy,bulky,low-value-per-unitcommodities.水运特别适合于大量的、散装的、单位价值低的货物。3．Themaindisadvantagesofwatertransportarethelimitedrangeofoperationandspeed.水路运输的最大缺点是运输范围和速度受到限制。4．Thetwosidesfinallyreachedanagreementonthemodeoftransportation.两方就运输方式问题最终达成一致。5．Freightratesarebasedonthreefactors,namely,distance,shipmentandcompetition.运费主要取决于运输距离、装运条件和竞争条件三种因素。1．Itisnotuncommonfortransportcosttoaccountfor20%ofthetotalcostsofacommodity.运输费用占到商品总成本的20%并不稀奇。2．Railwayprovidesterminal-to-terminalserviceinsteadofdoor-to-doorservice.铁路运输只能提供车站之间的服务，而不能提供门到门的运输。3．YoumustdeliverthegoodsbeforeJune,orelsewewon’tbeabletocatchtheshoppingseason.你们必须在四月前交货，否则我们就赶不上销售季节了。4．Weaskoursupplierstoarrangeroadorrailtransportintimetomeettheship.我们通知供货单位及时安排公路或铁路运输以便及时装船。5．Transportbyairisincreasingandforcertaintypesofgoods,suchasfreshfoodorflowersaswellasvaluables;airfreightisthebestchoice.空运业务不断增长，某些商品如新鲜食品、鲜花以及贵重物品是最佳选择。五、1．Packagingisanimportantconcernforwarehousingandmaterialshandling,onethatreceivingincreasedattentionaroundtheworld.包装对仓储和物资搬运作业至关重要，它在全球日益受到关注。2．Nomatterwhatenvironmentalconditionsareencountered,thepackageisexpectedtoprotecttheproduct,keepingitintheconditionintendedforuseuntiltheproductisdeliveredtheultimateconsumer.不论遇上什么样的环境，包装是用来保护产品的，在它最终到达消费者手中的这段过程中，保护产品处于完好状态。3．Newmaterialsandsmarterprotectivepackagingsystemscontributetoreducingtheloadonourenvironment.新型材料和智能保护性包装体系有助于减少环境负担。4．Goodpackagingallowsefficientutilizationofstoragespaceaswellastransportationcubeandweightconstraints.良好的包装能够有效利用存储空间、运输空间以及重量的约束条件。5．Thispackageisdiscardedbeforetheproductsareplacedontheshelf,socustomermayneverseethismaterial.这种包装材料在产品上架之前就被丢弃，所以消费者将不会看到这种包装。1．Overthepasttwoyears,thecompanyhasincreasedtheinvestmentforitspackagingindustryinordertomeetitscustomer’sneed.在过去两年里，这家公司为了满足消费者的需要，增加了对包装业的投资。2．Goodpackagingcanhaveapositiveimpactonlayout,design,andoverallwarehouseproductivity.良好的包装能对仓库的陈列、设计和仓库的总体生产效率产生积极的影响。3．We’llpackthemtwodozentoonecarton,grossweightaround25kilosacarton.我们一个纸箱装两打，每箱毛重25kg。4．Wehaveespeciallyreinforcedourpacinginordertominimizetheextentofanypossibledamagetothegoods.我们已经特意加固了包装，以便使货物万一遭到的损坏减少到最低程度