语法专题虚拟语气对虚拟语气的考查在湖南高考中主要出现在单项填空部分。1.主要考查的知识点:(1)在状语从句和名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法(2)含蓄虚拟语气复习重点:(1)掌握虚拟语气的基本概念及用法。(2)在条件句中省略if的虚拟语气。(3)意义上不是虚拟语气,但必须使用虚拟语气的情况。2.如何应对虚拟语气的考查解题时,首先要确定题干句子表示的句意为真实的还是虚拟的,来决定是否该用虚拟语气。带有状语从句的复合句应重点看从句,根据从句句意所表达的信息来判断是否该用虚拟。虚拟语气确定后要明确是对现在、过去还是对将来的虚拟,从而确定虚拟语气的形式。•(2011全国卷,32)Theyhavearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.•A.willB.canC.mustD.should•答案D•解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“他们本该午饭时到达,但他们的航班推迟了。”willhavedone将来可以完成;canhavedone可能做过……吗?表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句;musthavedone一定做过某事,表示对过去事情的肯定推测;shouldhavedone本来应该做某事,而实际没做。buttheirflightwasdelayed这样的结果,说明他们本来该到达却没有到达,因此选D。•(2011北京卷,24)——Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?•——Don’tworry.Hecome.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.•A.mustnotB.neednotC.wouldnotD.mightnot•答案D•解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“——我真不喜欢James。你为何请了他?——别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。”题干中的hewasn’tcertain说明他可能不来,可能来,因此使用不完全否定mightnot。选D。•(2011北京卷,28)——Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.•——Iwishtheyalwayslate.•A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen•答案A•解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“——孩子们哪儿去了?这顿饭快要吃不起来了。——我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气,题干中出现always,从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。•(2011北京卷,30)MaybeifIscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.•A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying•答案C•解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科,现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间,if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟,因此使用过去完成时。选C。•(2011天津卷,15)I______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.•A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome•答案D•解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“我本来可以早点来,但我真不知道他们在等我。”butIdidn’tknow表示了过去时间,因此前句是对过去的虚拟,用主语+should/would/could/might+havedone表达,故选D。(2009·福建)ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I______thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon思路点拨:分析题干,根据ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher(要不是我的英语老师),可知该句为虚拟语气。整句语意为:要不是英语老师的帮助,我就赢不了英语写作比赛一等奖。“赢得一等奖”是已经过去的事情了,所以此处表达的是对过去的虚拟,谓语该用wouldnothavedone的形式。故判断空格处应该选B。1.状语从句中的虚拟语气(1)IfI__had__(have)time,Iwouldgothere.(2)Ifyouhadcomeearlier,you__couldn't/wouldn't_have_missed__(miss)thebus.(3)Ifit__should_rain/were_to_rain__(rain)tomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.(4)Wegotupearlyinorderthatwecouldcatchthefirstbus.(5)Wegotupearlyforfearthatweshouldmissthefirstbus.(6)Wegotupearlylestthatweshouldmissthefirstbus.(7)ShespeaksEnglishasthoughshewereanativeofNewYork.(8)Itseemsasifhedoesn'tknowher.虚拟语气的结构及用法:非真实的条件,常由if引导,主句和从句常用虚拟语气。1.条件与现在事实相反,从句谓语用一般过去时(be多用were);主句谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形,如:(1)。2.条件与过去事实相反,从句谓语用过去完成时haddone;主句谓语用would/should/could/might+havedone,如:(2)。3.条件与将来事实相反,从句谓语用shoulddo/weretodo;主句谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形,如:(3)。规则1:目的状语从句1.sothat/inorderthat+从句:从句用can/could/may/might+动词原形,如:(4)。2.forfearthat/incasethat+从句:从句用should+动词原形,意为“以防,万一”,如:(5)。3.lest+从句:从句用should+动词原形,“以防万一”,如:(6)。规则2:方式状语从句asif/asthough+从句:从句的虚拟语气与wish后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似,如:(7)。【注意】asif/asthough连接的从句表示可能的事实时,不需用虚拟语气,如:(8)。2.名词性从句中的虚拟语气(1)ItissuggestedthatI(should)exerciseeveryday.Thedoctor'ssuggestionisthatI(should)exerciseeveryday.(2)Hisfacesuggestedthathewasverysad.(3)Howhewishesthathewereabird.(4)WewishthatwehadvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.(5)Wewishwewouldliveonthemoononeday.(6)Iwouldratheryouwerenotherewithmenow.(7)Iwouldratheryouhadn'tdonethat.(8)Itisimportantthatwe(should)haveagoodknowledgeofcomputerscience.(9)Itisapitythatyou(should)beabsentfromthemeeting.(10)Wearesurprisedthathe(should)beadoctor.规则1:名词性从句中,表示“建议,命令,要求”等意义时,名词性从句用(should)+动词原形。(1)建议:动词advise,suggest,propose,recommend(名词advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation)(2)命令:名词order,command(3)要求:动词request,require,demand,ask,insist(名词request,requirement,demand),如:(1)。【注意】(1)suggest意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气,如:(2)。(2)insist意为“坚持认为,坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。规则2:Iwish(that)+宾语从句(虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”,从句用一般过去时,如:(3)。(2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时,如:(4)。(3)表示愿望实现的可能性很小,从句常用could/might/would+动词原形,如:(5)。规则3:wouldrather/prefer+that从句(从句用虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”,从句用一般过去时,如:(6)。(2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时,如:(7)。规则4:名词性从句表示说话人“强烈”的感情色彩时,从句用should+动词原形/should+havedone,should可译为“应该;居然,竟然”。should可以省略。常见的句型如下:(1)Itisimportant/necessary/strange/surprising/funny/natural+that从句,如:(8)。(2)Itisapity/ashame/anhonour/nowonderthat从句,如:(9)。(3)主语+be+sorry/disappointed/surprised+that从句,如:(10)。3.定语从句中的虚拟语气(1)It'stimethatweshouldgohome.(2)It'stimethatwewenthome.(3)ItisthesecondtimethatIhavevisitedBeijing.(4)ItwasthesecondtimethatIhadvisitedBeijing.It's(about/high/very)timethat从句(从句用虚拟语气,谓语用一般过去式或shoulddo,should不能省略),意为“某人该做某事了”,如:(1)、(2)。注意下面固定句型的时态搭配:①It/Thisisthefirst/second/…timethat+主语+has/havedone…②It/Thiswasthefirst/second/…timethat+主语+haddone.如:(3)、(4)。4.简单句中的虚拟语气(1)LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!(2)Mayyousucceed!(3)Everybodyleavetheroom!(4)Letoneofyougoandtellhertocome.虚拟语气用于简单句时,一般表示祝愿、命令等。谓语要用动词原形。规则1:表示祝愿,如:(1)、(2)。规则2:表示命令,如:(3)、(4)。5.含蓄虚拟语气(1)Ifonlyyou__hadn't_told__(nottell)himthenews.(2)Humanbeingswoulddiewithoutwater.⇒Humanbeings__would_die__iftherewerenowater.(3)I__couldn't_have_succeeded__butforyourhelp.⇒Icouldn'thavesucceededifyouhadn'thelpedme.(4)Ihadnomoneythen.OtherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.IfI__had_had__moneythen,Iwouldhaveboughtt