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无机元素化学的常见矿物和化合物的俗名化合物英文名化学式锂LithiumLi锂辉石SpodumeneLi2O•Al2O3•4SiO2锂云母LepidoliteK(Li,Al)2.5-3[Si3.5-3Al0.5-1O10](OH,F)2透锂长石PetaliteLi[AlSi4O10]锂硼氢LithiumBorohydrideLiBH4钠SodiumNa小苏打、焙烧苏打、重碱SaleratusNaHCO3苏打、碱面SodaNa2CO3口碱、精碱Na2CO3•10H2O苛性钠、火碱、烧碱CausticSodaNaOH天然碱石Na2CO3•NaHCO3•H2O芒硝、皮硝、朴硝、马牙硝Mirabilite/GlauberSaltNa2SO4•10H2O无水芒硝、元明粉、玄明粉、烤硝SodiumSulfateNa2SO4钠硝石、智利硝石SaltpetreNaNO3钠矾、铝钠矾SodaAlum/SodiumAlumNaAl(SO4)2•12H2O山奈SodiumCyanideNaCN钠长石Albite/SodaFeldsparNa[AlSi3O8]食盐SodiumChlorideNaCl钾PotassiumK钾碱、草碱PotashK2CO3苛性钾CausticPotashKOH硝石、钾硝石、火硝、土硝SaltpeterKNO3钾石盐SylvineKCl•NaCl钾长石PotashFeldspar/K-feldsparK[AlSi3O8]光卤石CarnalliteKCl•MgCl2•6H2O铷RubidiumRb铯CesiumCs铯榴石polluciteCs2O•Al2O3•4SiO2•nH2O铵AmmoniumNH4碳铵、臭起子AmmoniumBicarbonateNH4HCO3硝铵AmmoniumNitrateNH4NO3硫铵AmmoniumSoleplate(NH4)2SO4盐脑、电气药粉AmmoniumChlorideNH4Cl安福粉AmmophosNH4H2PO4(75%)+(NH4)2HPO4(25%)铍BerylliumBe金绿宝石ChrysoberylBe(AlO2)2变石（含有Cr2O3）AlexandriteBe(AlO2)2绿柱石Beryl3BeO•Al2O3•6SiO2镁MagnesiumMg苦土、烧苦土MagnesiaMgO菱苦土矿(菱镁矿)MagnesiteMgCO3泻盐、泻利盐、苦盐EpsomSaltMgSO4•7H2O卤盐MagnesiumChlorideMgCl2钙CalciumCa生石灰CalcesCaO熟石灰、硝石灰WhiteLimeCa(OH)2漂白粉BleachingPowderCa(ClO)2+CaCl•Ca(OH)2•H2O漂白精CalciumHypochloriteCa(ClO)2大理石、方解石、石灰石、白垩Marble/Calcite/Limestone/ChalkCaCO3白云石DolomiteCaCO3•MgCO3萤石、氟石FluoriteCaF2钙硝石、石灰硝石、挪威硝石KalkSaltpeterCa(NO3)2生石膏、石膏GypsumCaSO4•2H2O熟石膏、烧石膏、锻石膏、雪花石膏DriedPlaster2CaSO4•H2O硬石膏、无水石膏AnhydriteCaSO4石灰氮NimeNitrogenCaCN2醋石AcetateofLimeCa(CH3COO)2普钙SingleSuperphosphateFertilizerCa(H2PO4)2+CaSO4•2H2O重钙CoarseWhitingCa(H2PO4)2电石CalciumCarbideCaC2锶StrontiumSr天青石CelestiteSrSO4锶恶石StrontiumCarbonateSrCO3钡BariumBa钡白、重晶石BariumWhiteBaSO4锌钡白、立德粉LithoponeZnS•BaSO4毒重石、钡恶石WitheriteBaCO3钪ScandiumSc钪钇石ThortveititeSc2Si2O7钪氧ScandiaSc2O3钛TitaniumTi钛酸TitanicAcidH2TiO3或Ti(OH)3钛白粉、金红石、板钛矿、锐钛矿TitaniumPigmentTiO2钛铁矿IlmeniteFeTiO3钙钛矿PerovskiteCaTiO3榍石TitaniteCaTiSiO5钒VanadiumV绿硫钒矿PatroniteVS2或V2S5铅钒矿、褐铅矿VanadinitePb5[VO4]3Cl钒云母RoscoeliteKV2[AlSi3O10](OH)2钒酸钾铀矿CarnotiteK2[UO2]2[VO4]2•3H2O偏钒酸铵AmmoniumMetavanadateNH4VO3铬ChromiumCr铬黄、铅铬黄、铬铅矿YellowChromePbCrO4铬红ChromeRedPbCrO4•PbO铬矾、铬钾矾ChromicPotassiumAlumKCr(SO4)2•12H2O铵铬矾AmmoniumChromicAlumNH4Cr(SO4)2•12H2O红矾钾PotassiumBichromateK2Cr2O7红矾钠SodiumBichromateNa2Cr2O7红钒铵AmmoniumBichromate(NH4)2Cr2O7铬铁矿ChromiteFeCr2O4铬赭石ChromiumOchreCr2O3铬钾石TarapacaiteK2CrO4镁铬铁矿MagnesianChromite(Mg,Fe)Cr2O4钼MolybdenumMo辉钼矿MolybdeniteMoS2钨TungstenW白钨矿ScheeliteCaWO4黑钨矿WalframiteFeWO4和MnWO4锰ManganeseMn软锰矿、黝锰矿GrayManganeseOreMnO2黑锰矿HausmanniteMn3O4方锰矿ManganositeMnO双锰矿、褐锰矿BrauniteMn2O3水锰矿ManganiteMn2O3•H2O硬锰矿IsiganeitemMnO•MnO2•nH2O菱锰矿DialogiteMnCO3锰矾SzmikiteMnSO4•7H2O灰锰氧PotassiumPermanganateKMnO4铁IronFe铁丹、铁红、土铁、铁朱、赭石、赤铁矿HematiteFe2O3铁黄（氧化铁黄）FerriteYellowFe2O3•xH2O铁黑（氧化铁黑）、磁铁矿IronOxideBlackFe3O4褐铁矿Limonite2Fe2O3•3H2O菱铁矿SideriteFeCO3黄铁矿、硫铁矿白铁矿Fool’sGoldFeS2绿矾、皂矾、苦矾CopperasFeSO4•7H2O铁矾、钾铁矾IronVitriol/KrausiteKFe(SO4)2•12H2O亚铁矾、钾亚铁矾K2Fe(SO4)2•6H2O铵铁矾AmmoniumFerricAlumNH4Fe(SO4)2•12H2O铵亚铁矾、莫尔盐Mohr'ssalt(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2•6H2O黄血盐PotassiumFerrocyanideK4[Fe(CN)6]赤血盐PotassiumFerricyanideK3[Fe(CN)6]赤血盐钠SodiumFerricyanideNa3[Fe(CN)6]普鲁士蓝/滕式蓝PrussianBlue/[Fe(CN)6]4-钴CobaltCo钴华ErythriteCo(AsO4)2•8H2O钴蓝CobaltBlueCo(AlO2)2赤矾、碧矾RedVitriolCoSO4•7H2O辉钴矿CobaltiteCoAsS镍NickelNi红镍矿RedNickelOreNiAs镍黄铁矿Nicopyrite(Ni，Fe)9S8针镍矿MilleriteNiS镍矾RetgersiteNiSO4•7H2O或NiSO4•6H2O铜CuprumCu金粉、铜粉BronzePowderCu和少量Zn、Al、Sn的合金粉黄铜矿ChalcopyriteCuFeS2赤铜矿CupriteCu2O辉铜矿ChalcociteCu2S斑铜矿BorniteCu3FeS4王铜CopperOxychlorideCuCl2•3Cu(OH)2胆矾、蓝矾、铜矾、胆石BluestoneCuSO4•5H2O铜绿、绿石、孔雀石PatinaCu(OH)2•CuCO3蓝铜矿Azurite2CuCO3•Cu(OH)2银Argentine辉银矿(与方铅矿共生)ArgentiteAg2S金（存在于岩石（岩脉金）或沙砾（冲击金））AurumAu锌ZincZn蓝粉BluePowder/ZincDustZn锌白(锌华)、锌氧粉ChineseWhite/ZincWhiteZnO锌钡白LithoponeZnS•BaSO4锌黄、锌铬黄ButtercupYellow/ZincYellowZnCrO4皓矾ZincSulfateHeptahydrateZnSO4•7H2O炉甘石、菱锌矿CalamineZnCO3红锌矿ZinciteZnO闪锌矿、纤锌矿BlendeZnS镉CadmiumCd镉红CadmiumRedCdS、CdSe、BaSO4混合组成镉黄CadmiumYellowCdS为主，掺有BaSO4混合组成汞HydrargyrumHg甘汞、低汞CalomelHg2Cl2升汞、高汞CorrosiveSublimateHgCl2朱砂、辰砂、丹砂、银朱VermilionHgS三仙丹、升药（红氧化汞、黄氧化汞、橙红石）HydrargyrumOxydatumCrudumHgO雷汞FulminateHg(ONC)2奈斯特试剂NestorReagentK2[HgI4]与KOH的混合液硼BoronB硼砂、西月石BoraxNa2B4O7•10H2O镁硼石HoltoniteMg3(BO3)2硼镁石SzaibelyiteMg2B2O5•H2O(2MgO•B2O3•H2O)方硼石BoricSpar2Mg3B8O15•MgCl2乙硼烷DiboraneB2H6正硼酸OrthoboricAcidH3BO3(B2O3•3H2O)偏硼酸MetaboricAcidHBO2(B2O3•H2O)四硼酸、焦硼酸PyroboricAcid/TetraboricAcidH2B4O7(B2O3•3H2O)硼酐BoricAnhydrideB2O3白石墨WhiteGraphiteBN铝AluminiumAl银粉、铝粉AluminumPowderAl矾土刚玉、刚玉、白玉Corundum/WhiteJakeAl2O3水铝石DiasporeAl2O3•H2O水铝氧GibbsiteAl2O3•3H2O钾明矾、明矾Alunite（mineral）/RockAlumKAl(SO4)2•12H2O枯矾、烧明矾DriedAlumKAl(SO4)2铵矾、铵铝矾AluminiumAmmoniumSulfateNH4Al(SO4)2•12H2O冰晶石CryoliteNa3AlF6碳CarbonC光气PhosgeneCoCl2溴光气BromophosgeneCoBr2尿素CarbamideCo(NH2)2电石CalciumCarbideCaC2金刚砂CarborundumSiC硅SiliconSi石英、马牙石、玛瑙、水晶QuartzSiO2白炭黑Carbon-whiteSiO2•nH2O硅胶SilicaGelmSiO2•nH2O泡花碱、水玻璃SodiumSilicateNa2SiO3(或Na2•mSiO2)石棉AsbestosCaO•3MgO•4SiO2沸石ZeoliteNa2O•Al2O3•3SiO2•2H2O云母IsinglassK2O•3Al2O3•6SiO2•2H2O滑石PencilStone3MgO•4SiO2•H2O高岭土KaolinAl2O3•2SiO2•2H2O石榴石Garnet3CaO•Al2O3•3SiO2长石FeldsparK2O•Al2O3•6SiO2硬玉JadeiteNaAl(SiO3)2锡StannumSn锡石CassiteriteSnO2铅Lead/Plum