中国的陀螺

293(2008):250259TheChineseJournalfortheHistoryofScienceandTechnologyVol.29No.3(2008)(,100037),,,N092O32092A167321441(2008)0320250210:2006212207;:2008206202:,,1958,,;,1942,,,,[13],(precession)(nutation)(12),[46],[7,8],©1994-2012ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1635)[9]:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,;,[9]()(15971636),()(1758),[10],,,,,,,,,[11]:,,,,,,,,,,[12]:,,,,(18691928)[13]:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,152©1994-2012ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[14](12321308)()[15]:,,,?,,,3:,,,,[16],,,,,,33[:()]2?,,500019731978,42[17],438:13,,4,215,,();21,,218,252©1994-2012ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.()38()123132,,912,517;815,,51731625,3114C,170006500,263006000,360005600,5000,,,,,[7,8]1926,(4),315,1180119050003000[18]4([18],)1985,,26,23410,()42003900[19],2080,,20,,,21561030002000,,,,,,,(),,(1250),,,(11191125)[20](5),;,,,,352:,2005204206,:©1994-2012ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[21],(6),(14031434),,191820,(Salem,),4,()71820()452TheInstituteforChinese2WesternCulturalHistoryattheUniversityofSanFrancisco,1984,16.©1994-2012ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(Ur,Muqayyar)3500(Troy,)3000()20001400()1250500(8),,,(),27,(E2truscans)(9)8114,:[22](Platon,427347)()4,:,,,,552,ValerieOliver.HistoryoftheTop.SpintasticsSkillToys,Inc_,2002(ht2tp://)D.W.GouldTheTop2UniversalToy,EnduringPastime(ClarksonN.Potter,Inc.,NewYork,1973)©1994-2012ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[23],(Aristophanies,445385)414:,,,(),[24](Virgil,7019)19(TheAeneid,):,,,,;,,,,,,,[25]17(WilliamShakespeare,15641616),:,[26]:,[27],([27],416)10,:(),(),;,,(10),,652©1994-2012ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,,,,,14,,,,,[28](15641616),1617,,,18041852,,(TheWorldBookEncyclopedia)[29]:,,19,,,[30],,,(gyro2scope)([8],144149),,;,,5,,,,,,752©1994-2012ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(D.W.Gould):,,,,,,,,1.[M].:,1961.237252.2.[M].:,2004.211214.3,.[M].:,1995.201206.4.[A]..20[C].:,1993.371.5.Maple[M].:,2006.358.6.[M].:,1983.228237.7.[M].:,1988.124.8,.[M].:,2001.142.9(),.[M].2.:,1982.67.10().[M].:,1983.11.11().[M].:,1986.132.12().[M].:,1986.106.13().[M].45.:,1932.95.14,.[J].,2004,26(4):9192.15().[M].6.:,1984.104105.16().[M].20.:,1980.194.17.[M].:,2003.70,148150,253,291,326.18.[M].:,1927.21.19.1985[J].,2001,(1):73110.20.[M].7.:,1952.().21.[M].:,1981.77.22().[M]..:,1958.268.23().[M].2..:,2003.414.24().[M].,.:,1954.326327.852GouldDW.TheTop2UniversalToy.EnduringPastime.NewYork:ClarksonN.Potter,Inc.,1973.ValerieOliver.HistoryoftheTop.SpintasticsSkillToys,Inc_,2002.©1994-2012ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.().[M]..:,1984.179.26().[M].1.,.:,1994.269.27().[M].2.,.:,1994.529.28[M]..:,1999.137.29TheWorldBookEncyclopedia[M].Vol.19.Top.London:WorldBookInc.,1992.298299.30[M]..:,1986.69.TheChineseTopLIYanping,DAINianzu(DepartmentofPhysics,CapitalNormalUniversity,Beijing100037China)AbstractThisarticlediscussesespeciallythetopinthehistoryofChinafrombothrecordsandarchaeologicalfindings.ChinesetoporiginatedduringtheperiodofHemuduCulture(5000B1C.),butitwasuntilSongDynasty,particularlyMingDynasty,thatthetopbegantoberecordedprecise2ly.ThearticleshowsalsopicturesofthetopanddiaboloinSong,MingandQingDynasties.Thetopwasdiscoveredinmanydifferentareasoftheworld.ThearticledealsbrieflywiththehistoryofthetopintheWest,andinquiresinitiallyintothespreadofthetopbetweenChinaandtheWest.Keywordstop,diabolo,historyofmechanics952©1994-2012ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.©1994-2012ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.