高考英语一轮语法专题复习课件-定语从句

定语从句：在复合句中修饰并限定名词或代词的从句。这个名词或代词称为“先行词”，而引导定语从句的词称为“关系词”。定语从句置于先行词的后面。如：Heisthemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou.他就是想见你的那个人。在上句中，theman是先行词，who/that是关系词，who/that引导的定语从句修饰theman。一、关系词的选用与判断正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。关系词的选择取决于先行词和关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分。关系词一共有九个，它们在从句中的用法如下表。Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.(whose在从句中作定语)Thepackagewhich/thathewascarryingwasmine.(which/that在从句中作宾语)Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.(as在从句中作宾语)Thereareoccasionswhenonemustyield.(when在从句中作状语)BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.(where在从句中作状语)Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer？(why在从句中作状语)二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1．限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉定语从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvitedtotheparty.(去掉who引导的定语从句，句子意思就不完整)2．非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定语从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号与主句分隔开，不能用that引导。Tom'sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.(去掉who引导的非限制性定语从句，句子意思仍完整)二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1．限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉定语从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvitedtotheparty.(去掉who引导的定语从句，句子意思就不完整)2．非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定语从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号与主句分隔开，不能用that引导。Tom'sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.(去掉who引导的非限制性定语从句，句子意思仍完整)2)用which而不用that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句。②代表整个主句的意思。③介词＋关系代词。Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.2．as引导定语从句时的用法1)as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。2)as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来补充说明整个句子。通常用于下列句型：asisknowntoall众所周知asissaidabove综上所述asisreportedinthenewspaper正如报纸所报道的asisannounced正如宣布的那样asweallknow正如我们所知asIexpect正如我预料的那样aseverybodyknows正如大家所知aswecansee正如我们所看到的那样asIhavesaid正如我所说的那样asisoftenthecase通常如此asmighthavebeenexpected不出所料asismentionedabove正如上面提到的AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid­termexamination.3．关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.4．定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan'tunderstand.that引导的定语从句修饰先行词anexpression,两者被状语inhiseyes分隔开。5．引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词＋which”来代替。October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(＝when)thePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.6．介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可用which,that,whom,口语中也可用who，且可省略。ThisistheclassmatewithwhomI'llgotothecinema.ThesubjectinwhichI'mmostinterestedisEnglish.Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句通常被用来解释名词(如news,fact,suggestion,truth,plan,belief,doubt,possibility,idea等)的含义或内容，而定语从句对名词或代词起限定和修饰的作用。如：TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句，解释hope的内容)Thehopethat/whichsheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句，限定hope)五、定语从句考点评析在2007年、2009年和2010年广东高考英语试卷语法填空题中，分别考查了2个、1个和1个定语从句：2007：1)…theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometresaway_______therewasagarage.【答案】where考查的是关系副词where引导的定语从句，先行词是asmalltown。2)…IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused_______.2009：3)Janepausedinfrontofacounter______someattractivetieswereondisplay.【答案】her考查的是填定语从句中的宾语，先行词是thetrouble,省略了关系代词which/that,作caused的双宾语之一。【答案】where考查的是由关系副词where引导的定语从句，先行词是acounter。2010：4)Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringtoelder______hadbeenhisteacher.【答案】who/that考查的是定语从句，先行词elder指的是人，关系代词在句中作主语。一、用适当的关系词填空。1．Youmustshowmywifethesamerespect________youshowme.2．Thisistheonlyoneofthestudents________handwritingisthebest.3．Hestudiedhardandlaterbecameawell­knownwriter,________hisfatherexpected.4．________wasexpected,hesucceededintheexam.5．Doyouknowthereason________shehaschangedhermind?aswhosewhichAswhy6．Theoldmanhadthreesons,allof________diedduringWorldWarⅡ.7．Theroom________Mr.Whitelivesisnotverylarge.8．Iliveinthehouse________windowsfacesouth.9．Theheadmasterdoubtedthereason________Ididn'tcometoschool.10．Thisistheschool________wevisitedthreedaysago.whomwherewhosewhywhich11．Becauseofmypoormemory,all________youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.12．Wearejusttryingtoreachapoint________bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.13．He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation________heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.14．Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.15．Whenhecamebackfromabroad,Johntoldhisparentsaboutthecitiesandthepeople________hehadvisited.thatwherewherewhenthat16．Morningisthebesttime________weshouldmakefulluseoftoreadaloud.17．Jackisaman________Ibelieveishonest.18．Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass________homesareinthecountry?19．Inordertodevelopourskills,weshoulddomoresuchexercisesinthefuture,Ithink,__________wedidtoday.20．Those________wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.thatwhowhoseaswho二、根据句子意思，用“介词＋关系代词”填空。1．Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson________shecouldturnforhelp.2．Theman________________youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather'sneighbor.3．Theywillvisitthefarm________________mybrotherworks.4．Nearbyweretwocanoes________________theyhadcometotheisland.5．WuDong,________________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.towhomwithwhomonwhichinwhichwithwhom6．ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,________________thisiso