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高考英语专题复习02《阅读理解》阅读理解2008年高考江苏省考试大纲对英语阅读作了以下说明：1.理解语篇主旨大意；2.理解文中具体信息；3.根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义；4.作出简单的判断和推理；5.理解文章的基本结构；6.理解作者的观点、意图和态度。（1）细节题正确答案的特点：与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。干扰选项的特点：1.是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；2.符合常识，但不符合原文内容；3.与原文情节极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；4.选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；5.在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。例如：ForNormanBethune,savingliveswasthemostimportantthingintheworld.NormanBethunethoughtthat__.A.hehimselfwasafamousdoctorintheworldB.hecouldonlysavelivesbecausehewasadoctorC.savingliveswasmoreimportantthananyotherthingforhimD.intheworld,heshoulddonothingbutsavelives（2）判断、推断题判断推理的题目中常含有infer、imply词汇等。干扰项的特点：1.将文章中的已知信息作为干扰项；2.将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。解题方法：1.判断推理要以文中事实为依据;2.不能将文中已经阐明的事实作自己的推断;3.杜绝仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。例如：Iwasreadingabookathomewhenmymobilephonerang.Onthephone’sscreenwasanunfamiliarnumberstartingwitha0712,whichmeantthecallwasfromNagpur.1.Fromthebeginningofthestory,wecaninferthat___.A.thewriterwasathome,readingcarefullyB.thewriterwasunfamiliarwiththeareacode—0712C.thewriter’sfatherlivedinNagpurandoftenchattedwithhimD.thewriterwasnotfamiliarwiththenumberstartingwitha0712（3）猜测词义题词、短语意思的猜测主要依据它所在段落的内容进行。如果该段落比较短，信息量不足，那么与之相邻的上下两个段落的内容则是猜词义的重要依据。具体方法为：1.猜测名词含义，要注意相关段落中名词的含义。例如:However,menquicklyfoundmoreconvenientandreliablewaysoftellingthetime.Theylearnedtousetheshadowscastbythesun.Theymarkedthehoursoncandles,usedsandinhour-glasses,andinventedwater-clocks.Indeed,anyseriousstudentofantiqueshouldspendasmuchtimeaspossiblevisitingpalaces,statelyhomesandmuseumstoseesomeofthefinestexamplesofclocksfromthepast.（2007广东）Whatdoesthe“statelyhomes”referto___?A.state-ownedhousesB.housesinverygoodconditionC.grandhousesopentothepublicD.houseswherestatesmenmeetregularly2.猜测动词或动词短语的含义，要注意相关段落中动词的含义。Manyyearsago,whenIwasfreshoutofschoolandworkinginDenver,Iwasdrivingtomyparents’homeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstationabout50milesfromOklahomaCity,whereIwasplanningtostopandvisitafriend...Itookoff,buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofmycar.IstoppedandwonderedwhatIshoulddo.（2006全国I）Thewords“tookoff”underlinedinParagraph2mean“_____”.A.turnedoffB.movedoffC.putupD.setup3.猜测形容词的含义，要注意相关段落对相关信息的描述。例如：AsmalltowninsouthwestBritainisbanningplasticbagsinanattempttohelptheenvironmentandcutwaste－astepthatenvironmentalistsbelieveisafirstforEurope.ShopkeepersinModburypopulation1,500,agreedtostophandingoutdisposableplasticbagstocustomersonSaturday.Theysaidpapersacksandclothcarrierbagswouldbeofferedinstead.（2007福建）Theunderlinedword“disposable”inthepassageprobablymeans__.A.acceptableB.valuableC.throw-awayD.long-lasting（4）猜测句意正确答案的特点：1.与原句含义相同，但表达手法不同；2.是原句意思的高度概括。干扰项也有一些特点：1.干扰项往往是片面的，不能涵盖原句的全部意思；2.干扰项中的某个成分，如时间、地点等与原句存在出入；3.干扰项与原句意思完全不符。被猜测句子的特点：该句子往往是前语境的结果或结论。例如：Wecouldn’taffordallthenecessarymedica-tionforhim,andbecauseDadwasunabletowork.Ihadnomoneyforschoolsuppliesandoftencouldn’tevenbuyfoodfordinner.Iwouldsitinclassfeelingcompletelylost,theteacher’swordsmuffledasItriedtofigureouthowIwasgoingtomanage.（2006北京）Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentence?A.Kerrelcouldn’tunderstandherteacher.B.Kerrelhadspecialdifficultyinhearing.C.Kerrelwastootroubledtofocusonthelesson.D.Kerrelwastootiredtoheartheirteacher’swords.（5）揣摩作者态度、意图正确答案的特点：1.是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的同义、近义句；2.是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的升华；3.是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的概括。其干扰项的特点为：1.是作者在文章中所批驳的观点；2.是文章里所提到的某个细节，但并非作者的态度或意图；3.是文章中根本未提及的内容。例如:Irecentlyturnedfifty,whichisyoungforatree,midlifeforanelephant,andancientforasportsman.FiftyisanicenumberforthestatesintheUSorforanationalspeedlimit,butitisnotanumberthatIwaspreparedtohavehungonme.Fiftyissupposedtobemyfather’sage,butnowIamstuckwiththisnumberandeverythingitmeans.TheauthorseemstotellusinParagraph1that_____.（2007天津）A.timealonewilltellB.timegoesbyquicklyC.timewillshowwhatisrightD.timemakesoneforgetthepast（6）确定最佳标题依据短文的主题句确定短文的最佳标题。确定最佳标题的三个原则：1.对文章内容能高度概括；2.用词精炼；3.在上述两个特点都具备的前提下，标题还应做到能吸引读者注意力。（7）阅读理解“通病”(4点)1.概念扩大或缩小化。概念扩大或缩小化是指在选择理解题时把在概念范围上比原文概念要大的或小的选项作为正确答案。例如：Hebroughtmanymedicalsupplieswithhim.HehadtobeverycarefulonhislongjourneytothenorthbecausehehadtogothroughGuomindangterritory.(误)Onthewaytothenorth,hebroughtallmedicalsupplies.(误)Hebroughtfewofthemedicalsupplieswithhimonthewaytothenorth.2.概念人为化。概念人为化是指在做阅读理解题时，将自己对某件事的想法、体验等作为正确答案。例如：OneoftheplacesofinterestinBeijingistheSummerPalace.Cixihaditbuiltin1888.AsmalllakecalledKunmingispartofthisbeautifulpalace.Eventoday,thousandsofpeoplecometotheSummerPalacetoenjoythepeacefulsurroundingsandscenery.WhydopeopleliketogototheSummerPalace?（误）Toappreciateimportantartworks.3.概念直白化。在阅读理解中有一类题目需要我们推断，即infer。这类题目的错误率很高。概念直白化是指将需要推断的题目错选为文章内讲述得明明白白、完全不需要推断的选项。4.概念僵硬化。概念僵硬化是指将与原文文字最靠近的选项简单机械地视为正确答案。七、任务型阅读1.要求：考生要根据阅读文提供的信息，用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表。所填词语有一定字数的限制。2.考查四个方面的能力：①语篇理解能力；②把握文章整体结构的能力；③根据题目要求准确获取有效信息的能力；④运用语言知识的表达能力。3.阅读文篇幅：长于传统阅读文的平均篇幅。传统阅读文篇幅要求：2篇200-300词/3篇300-400词。2007高考英语江苏卷E篇为424词。任务型阅读的三篇范文的词数分别为：396/347/438。4.建议阅读原文时间：6-7分钟。5.动笔做题前要做到：两个读懂——读懂原文、读懂表格。6.命题特点：（1）需要填写信息的句子大多是原句的同义句。例如：Today,theInternetconnectsmillionsofcomputersaroundtheglobe,makingaworldwideexchangeofinformationpossible.Wecan__（exchange）informationthroughouttheworld,b