P13型EM直流微微伏电压计详细介绍:P13型EM直流微微电压计是一种极其敏感的仪器,可以对低至2×10-11Vdc的进行放大和测量。对于低阻抗电桥平衡而言,它是一种十分理想的零位探测器。噪声性能可使用一个1Ω或更大的电源阻抗,探测等级将受到约翰逊电源噪声的限制。P13型微微电压计的同等噪声阻抗仅为1Ω。为了充分利用噪声性能,可借助一个较低的电源阻抗。由于P13型微微电压计可以与10000Ω或更大的电源阻抗共同使用,如果电源阻抗过高,那么其特性将被电源噪声所覆盖。必须对输入线和连接保持高度关注,以确保阻抗尽可能的低于仪器的规定值。为了实现极低的探测等级,不得不将温度和时间的偏移特性保持在以前难以达到的标准。P13型EM直流微微电压计确保,即便是在常规的实验室环境中,也能够便利的利用较低的电压范围。本仪器卓越的稳定性意味着它对于长期偏移衡量是一种理想的工具,可以被耦合至记录器上,并在长期内保持无人值守状态。用户可以借助6位滤波器对响应时间进行控制,并对即将测试的电路板的噪声降低到期望值。可以利用一个11位的多开关对校准的补偿电压实施控制,可以使补偿电压达到100μV。可以借此来衡量在相对较大信号中的较小变动。可借助校准的电位计对可弥补的输入等级进行限制,也就是大约0.01%。包含护盖的纯铜输入终端布置,便于对将接受测量的电路进行连接。在前面板上设有一个开关,随着基本幅度灵敏性下降100万倍,可以提供第二个输入。在仪器尾部由两个输出,其中一个是直接的,另外一个是被隔离的。在隔离器具备良好的线性时,且需要最大的线性时,可以使用直接输出。该仪器装有可反复充电的电池,因此具备完全隔离的优点。电池充电过程中存在两种模式。仪器可以被连接至主电源,并使用特殊设计的多屏主变压器,或配备一个独立的连接器,以便外部电流发电器能够被用来保持电池的充电。当需要小信号的长期解决方案时,第二个模式便能发挥作用。P13工艺十分高超,能够满足极高的标准,带有终端护盖,能够十分便利的插入两个外部前置端子上。TheEMDCPicovoltmeterModelP13isanultrasensitiveinstrumentwhichcanamplifyandmeasureDCpotentialdowntoabout20picovolts(2X10e-11volts).Itisidealforuseasanulldetectorforlowimpedancebridgebalancing.Thenoiseperformanceissuchthat,usingasourceimpedanceof1ohmorhigher,thedetectionlevelwillbelimitedbytheJohnsonnoiseofthesource.TheequivalentnoiseresistanceoftheP13isonly1ohm.Tomakefulluseofthenoiseperformance,itisdesirabletouseitwithlowsourceimpedance.WhiletheP13canbeoperatedwithsourceimpedanceof10Kohmormore,itscharacteristicwillbeoverwhelmedbythesourcenoiseifthesourceimpedanceistoohigh.Greatcaremustbetakenwiththeinputleadsandconnections,tokeeptheirresistancebelowenroftheinstrumentifpossible.Inordertorealiseultralowdetectionlevels,thedriftcharacteristicswithtemperatureandtimehavetobemaintainedtolevelswhichhavebeenhithertounattainable.ThedesignofTheP13ensuresthat,eveninnormallaboratoryenvironments,thelowerrangesareeasytouse.Theexcellentstabilityofthisinstrumentmeansthatitisdealforlongtermdriftmeasurements,andmaybecoupledtoarecorderandleftunattendedforlongperiods.Asixpositionfiltergivestheusercontrolovertheresponsetimeandreductionofnoisefromthecircuitbeingmeasured.Acalibratedoffsetvoltagecontrolisprovidedwithanelevenpositionmultiplierswitch,givingamaximumoffsetofplusandminus100microvolts.Thiscanbeusedtomeasuresmallchangesincomparativelylargesignals.Thelevelofinputwhichcanbeoffsetonanyrangewillbelimitedonlybytheresolutionofthecalibratedpotentiometer,i.e.about0.01%.Thepurecopperinputterminalarrangement,withshield,allowseasyconnectiontothecircuittobemeasured.Asecondinputisprovided,inconjunctionwithaswitchonthefrontpanel,whichdecreasesthesensitivityofthebasicrangesbyonemilliontimes.Therearetwooutputsattherearoftheinstrument,onedirectandtheotherisolated.Thedirectoutputisusedwheremaximumlinearityisrequiredalthoughtheisolatoralsohasgoodlinearity.Theinstrumentisbatteryoperatedfrominternalchargeablebatteriesandsohastheadvantageofcompleteisolation.Therearetwomodesofbatterycharging.Theinstrumentmaybeconnectedtothemainssupplyandusethespeciallydesignedmultiplescreenedtoroidalmainstransformer,oraseparateconnectorisprovidedsothatanexternalcurrentgeneratormaybeusedtomaintainthebatterycharge.Thelattermodemaybeusefulwhenlongtermresolutionofsmallsignalsisrequired.TheP13isengineeredtoaveryhighstandardandcomescompletewithaterminalshield,whichsimplyplugsontothetwoouterfrontterminals.P13型直流微微电压计说明书范围输入:1:12个基本范围.±1nVfsd到±300uVfsd.输入:2:借助X1M衰减器,±1mVfsd至±300Vfsd。RangeInput1.12basicranges.+/-1nVfsdto+/-300uVfsd.Input2.+/-1mVfsdto+/-300Vfsd.viaX1Mattenuator精确性直接输出:±0.5%隔离输出:1%±2%fsd.衰减器±0.5%AccuracyDirectOutput.+/-0.5%IsolatedOutput.1%Meter+/-2%fsd.Attenuator+/-0.5%零点偏移优于300pV/℃ZeroDriftBetterthan300pVperdegreeC.噪声同等的噪声阻抗低于1Ω。峰峰噪声电压取决于滤波器设置。当时间常数为30秒时,将能提供一个大约为50×10-6V的带有短路输入的峰峰噪声电压。NoiseEquivalentnoiseresistancelessthan1ohm.Peaktopeaknoisevoltagedependsonfiltersettinge.g.filtertimeconstant30secondsgivespeaktopeaknoisevoltageofapproximately50picovoltswithshortcircuitinput电源阻抗高达1000Ω在较低电源阻抗上可全面实现的P13噪声性能小于或大致等同于同等噪音比。SourceResistanceUpto1Kohm.ThefullpotentialofthenoiseperformanceoftheP13willberealisedatlowsourceimpedance,lessthanorcomparablewiththeenr.解决方案优于20pV,取决于反应时间。ResolutionBetterthan20Picovolts,dependentonresponsetime.输入阻抗输入1:大约为1MΩ,输入步骤变化后3秒,输入将会随着时间上升至100MΩ以上。输入2:10MΩInputImpedanceInput1.Approximately1Mohm,3secondsafterastepchangeintheinputincreasingwithtimetomorethan100Mohm.Input2.10Mohm.补偿电流可在前面板上调整至0.温度系数优于20pA/℃。OffsetCurrentAdjustabletozeroatthefrontpanel.Temperaturecoefficientbetterthan20pAperdegreeC.响应时间取决于滤波器的设定和范围。最低为250毫秒,最大为300秒。ResponseTimeDependsonsettingoffilterandrange.Minimum250milliseconds.Maximum300seconds.滤波器前面板上开关操作的六点位低通滤波器。FilterSixpositionlowpassfilteroperatedbyaswitchonthefrontpanel.补偿带有刻盘的10位电位计,在前面板上的刻度为0-100,与一个11点位的开关共同提供最大的补偿为正负0nV,100nV,1uV,10uV,100uV,以及一个a’0’的点位。解析度优于0.01%。精确度优于1%。Offset10turnpotentiometerwithdial,calibrated0-100onthefrontpanel,inconjunctionwithanelevenpositionswitchgivingmaximumoffsetsofplusandminus10nV,100nV,1uV,10uV,100uV,anda'0'position.Resolutionbetterthan0.01%.Accuracybetterthan1%.串模抑制在50Hz时大于80dB.SeriesModeRejectionGreaterthan80dBat50Hz.共模抑制在50Hz时大于180dB(