现代造船实践生产计划及进度的控制(英文55页)

10/15/981MODERNSHIPBUILDINGPRACTICEPRODUCTIONPLANNINGANDSCHEDULINGPLANNING•Planningfocusesonthefuture;whatistobeaccomplishedand•how.•Theplanningfunctionincludesthosemanagerialactivitiesthat•determineobjectivesforthefutureandtheappropriatemeansfor•achievingthoseobjectives.•Planningoccursatalllevelsinanorganization•Thearethreelevelsofplanning,Strategic,TacticalandDetailed•(Operational).•TopmanagementhandlestheStrategicPlanning,Middle•managementhandlestheTacticalPlanningandtheDetailed•Planningishandledatthelowestappropriatelevelinthe•organization•ProductionplanningisamixofTacticalandDetailedplanning10/15/98210/15/98310/15/98410/15/985MODERNSHIPBUILDINGPRACTICEPRODUCTIONPLANNINGANDSCHEDULING(Continued)SCHEDULING•Schedulingalsofocusesonthefuture,butonwhentheactivities•mustbeperformed.•SchedulingissometimesconsideredapartofPlanning.•Operatingschedulesstartatthetopofanorganizationintheformoftheintegrating“MASTERSCHEDULE”andcascadedownwardtoeachdepartment,section,groupandteam.•Operatingschedulesrangefromthesimpletothecomplex,eachbeingsuitableforspecificapplications.Pointtopointschedulesaresuitablefortaskstobeperformedinsequence.Overlaporparallelschedulesaresuitablefortasksthatmustbeperformedatthesametimeorportionsofthesametime.Finally,networkschedulesaresuitableforcomplextaskswherebothsequenceandoverlapapproachesareneeded..10/15/98610/15/987MODERNSHIPBUILDINGPRACTICEPRODUCTIONPLANNINGANDSCHEDULING(Continued)SCHEDULING(Continued)•PERT/CPMisthebestknownnetworkschedulingapproach•AGANTChartisagraphicschedulingtechnique.ItcanbeusedforthesimplesequenceoroverlaptasksorbeanoutcomeofthePERTsystemoncethenetworkhasbeendeveloped.ThisisimportantbecausemanypeoplecanfollowtheGantChartsbuthavetroublefollowingthenetworkchart.10/15/98810/15/98910/15/981010/15/981110/15/981210/15/981310/15/981410/15/981510/15/981610/15/981710/15/981810/15/981910/15/982010/15/982110/15/982210/15/982310/15/9824MODERNSHIPBUILDINGPRACTICEPRODUCTIONANDMATERIALCONTROLPRODUCTIONCONTROL•ProductionControlconsistsofthecontinuousadjustmentswhich•arerequiredtoaccomplishtheplanandinferstheexistenceof(1)aninformationsystembywhichtheactualstateoftheactivitiesiscomparedtotheplannedstateand(2)theexistenceofafeedbacksystembywhichadjustmentscanbemadeintotheproductionplanningstage•ProductionControldependsuponprocessingadequateamountsofaccurateandtimelyinformationregardingthecurrentstatusoftheproductionplan;theworkinprocess;inventories;human,facilityandmaterialresources;andrequirementsprojections.•ProductionControlbeginswithtechniquesfororganizingandconceptualizinginformationabouttheplanandthecurrentstatusofeventsinpursuingtheplan.10/15/982510/15/982610/15/982710/15/9828MODERNSHIPBUILDINGPRACTICEPRODUCTIONANDMATERIALCONTROL(Continued)PRODUCTIONCONTROL(Continued)•Insomeshipyards,ProductionControlisresponsiblefortheissuanceoftheworkpackagesandmaterialreleasedocuments.IftheshipyardEngineeringDepartmentdoesnotpreparethetechnicaldocumentationinaformthatisdirectlyusablebytheProductionDepartmentandtheshipyarddoesnothaveaProductionEngineeringDepartment,theProductionControlDepartmentwillneedtopreparetheworksketchesthatgowiththeWorkPackages.•ToolsusedbyProductionControlincludeInventoryModeling,QueuingTheory,Material&ResourcePlanning,andPERT/CPM•ProductionControlandMaterialControlaresocloselyintertwinedthatmanycompaniescombinethem.10/15/9829MODERNSHIPBUILDINGPRACTICEPRODUCTIONANDMATERIALCONTROL(Continued)MATERIALCONTROL•MaterialControl(MC)isoftencalledMaterialsManagement.•MCstartswithaBillofMaterialforagivenproduct,usuallydevelopedbyEngineeringandmanipulatedbyProductionPlanningtosortintorequiredsequencinganddeliverydates.•MCtheninvolvesprocuring,receiving,wharehousing,handling,deliveringwithintheshipyard,plusalltheinformationmanagementrequiredforthesuccessfuloperationofalltheaboveactivities.•MCtoolsincludeinventorycontrolandMaterialRequirementsPlanning,sometimesreferredtoasMRPI.10/15/9830MODERNSHIPBUILDINGPRACTICEPRODUCTIONANDMATERIALCONTROL(Continued)MATERIALCONTROL(Continued)•VeryfewU.S.shipyardsusetheMCsystemdescribedinthehandout.TheyprefertouseMRPIorMRPII(MaterialandResourcePlanning)systems.•Again,MaterialControlandProductionControlaresocloselyintertwinedthatmanycompaniescombinethem,especiallyiftheyuseMRPIIwhichcanhandlebothinanintegrateddatabase.10/15/983110/15/983210/15/983310/15/983410/15/983510/15/983610/15/983710/15/9838MODERNSHIPBUILDINGPRACTICEBUILDSTRATEGYAPPROACH•TheBuildStrategyisacorneroftheshipyardbusinesstriangle.•TheothercornersareitsBusinessPlananditsShipbuildingPolicy.•Thebusinessplanshouldsetthevisionfortheimmediatefuture.•Theshipbuildingpolicydevelopsthebusinessplanintothe•preferredwaytheshipyardwantstoachievethebusinessplan.Itcoversuseoffacilities,howthedifferenttypesofshipsinitsselectedproductrangewillbebuilt,includingtheirblockbreakdownandzonedefinition,andtheprocessestobeusedfordesign,purchasing,productionandtesting.•Inaddition,theSPidentifiesproductivitytargetsandfutureimprovementplans.•TheSPalsoincludestheshipyard’sProduct-orientedWorkBreakdownStructure.