2010高考英语《语法》课件48《形容词和副词》

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2010高考英语《语法》专题复习系列课件48《形容词和副词》•形容词用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词,表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。而副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,有时也能修饰名词,表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。•高考重点要求:•1、形容词、副词比较级,最高级常用句型•2、形容词的倍数表达法和副词的位置•3、多个形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序•4、分清常用同义、近义形容词、副词在表达中的语义差别形容词在句子中的作用•1大部分形容词能作定语、表语或宾语补足语,如:•abeautifulpark一座美丽的公园•TheplayTea-house(茶馆)isbothmovingandinteresting.•Wholeftthewindowopen?•Howlongwilltheweatherstaysunny?•Thesilkclothesfeelsoft.•Howinterestingthestorysounds!定冠词the+形容词•定冠词the+形容词”表示一类人或物,作“主语或宾语”,意思为“……的一种人”,“……的一类东西或事情”。•Thenewwilltaketheplaceoftheold.(新事物将代替旧事物。)•Theyoungarefondofsports.(年轻人喜欢体育运动。)•TheLivingandtheDeadisahorrorfilm.•3.有些形容词只能作表语如:•叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid害怕的。•(错)Heisanillman.•(对)Themanisill.•(错)Sheisanafraidgirl.•对)Thegirlisafraid.•well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake等词加-ed和–ing都可构成形容词•加-ed的形容词表示“人感到如何”,加-ing的形容词则用来描写事物,如:•Wewereexcitedwhenweheardtheexcitingnews.•alarming,amusing,astonishing,charming,•daring,demanding,encouraging,confusing,•disappointing,discouraging,exciting,•interesting,inviting,pleasing,promising,•shocking,striking,surprisingly等后缀形容词•friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly(有……品质的)•:(错)Shesanglovely.•(错)Hespoketomeveryfriendly.•(对)Hersingingwaslovely.•(对)Hespoketomeinaveryfriendly•有些以-ly结尾既为形容词,也为副词。•daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early•TheTimesisadailypaper.•TheTimesispublisheddaily.形容词后缀•分两大类。一类是加到名词上的•㈠加到名词上的主要有:•①-y,:bloody,dirty,healthy,juicy,muddy;•③-ful:careful,faithful,helpful,peaceful,useful;•④-less:careless,harmless,noiseless,senseless,useless;•⑤-ous/-ious:dangerous;courageous,mysterious;•⑥-al/-tal/-ial/-tial:accidental,horizontal,colonial,influential;•⑦-ic/-etic/-atic,:artistic,sympathetic,systematic;•⑧-ish:childish,foolish,selfish;•⑨-like:life-like,business-like,war-like;•⑩-ed/-en:skilled,horned,golden,wooden。㈡加到动词上的有•①-ent/-ant,如:dependent,different,observant,pleasant;•②-able/-ible,如:agreeable,comfortable,defensible,sensible(明智的;合情理的);•③-ive/-tive/-ative/-itive,如:active,attentive,imaginative,sensitive(敏感的;易受伤害的);•④-ed/-en,如:advanced,noted,stolen,swollen;•⑤-ing,如:annoying,disgusting,entertaining。形容词在句子中的位置•形容词一般放在被修饰的名词之前。两个或两个以上形容词修饰一个名词时,形容词排列的次序一般应考虑下面二种情况。•(1)与被修饰名词关系比较密切的形容词位置靠近名词,如:anexcitingAmericanfilm•(2)音节少的形容词位置在前,音节多的形容位置在后。•1)修饰复合不定代词something,anything,nothing等,•如:anythingimportant,nothingeasy•(2)同表示数量的词组连用,如:twentyfeetlong,fiveyearsold•3.几个形容词修饰一名词时,一般顺序为大小(little除外)、形状、色彩、由来、用途。如:•afineroundmaple(枫木)writingtable,•afamousoldEnglishcountryhouse二、副词•副词在句子中主要用作状语,许多副词皆由形容词加-ly构成,如:careful-carefully.•副词主要被分为以下几种:•1.时间副词,如:often,early,usually,frequentlyalwaysconstantlynow•2.地点副词,如:here,above,outside,below,there•3.方式副词,如:hard,fast,badly,well•4.程度副词,如:very,quite,much,still,even,almost•5.疑问副词,如:how,when,why,where副词在句子中的位置•时间副词和地点副词的位置•表示确定时间的副词和地点的副词,一般放在句尾,如句中同时有地点副词和时间副词,地点副词通常在前,时间副词在后。•修饰形容词和副词的程度副词,除enough后置外,一般放在被修饰词的前面。副词在此作状语。如:•bewellenough,gofastenough•修饰动词的方式副词有以下几种•修饰不及物动词时,该副词要后置,如:singwell•修饰及物动词时,可放在被修饰词之前或宾语之后;如宾语较长也可放在动词和宾语之间。如:studyEnglishhard,seeclearlythewordsontheblackboard•及物动词和副词(如:down,on,off,in,out,up等)组成的动词词组,其宾语是名词,该名词可放在副词之前或之后:如是代词,该代词一定要放在副词前。•Hecutdownthetree./Hecutthetreedown./Hecutitdown.形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法1两者比较情况一样,常用“as+形容词原级+as”句型。2Heisastallashismonitor.3两者比较,表示一方在某方面不如另一方,常用“notso/as+形容词原级+as”句型。Atraindoesn’ttravelsofastasaplane.4三者或三者以上比较,表示某人某物“最……”时,用“the+形容词最高级+比较范围”句型。Asiaisbyfarthelargestofthesevencontinents.Shewrites(the)mostcarefullyofthethree.5比较级+and+比较级“越来越……”Itisgettingcoolerandcoolerinautumn.Sheisbecomingmoreandmoreactiveintakingpartinsocialactivities.6the+比较级,the+比较级“越……越……”Theharderhestudies,thegreaterprogresshewillmake.形容词和副词考点•1(1)Tomsoundsverymuch______inthejob,butI’mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.(2006安徽)A.interestedB.interestingC.interestinglyD.interestedly•2—Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace!—DuringthewinterIlikemyhouse_____.(2005上海春)A.warmlyandcomfortablyB.warmandcomfortableC.warmandcomfortablyD.warmlyandcomfortable•3Shedoesn'tspeak________herfriend,butherwrittenworkisexcellent.(1993全国)A.aswellasB.sooftenasC.somuchasD.asgoodas•4(7)______,somefamousscientistshavethequalitiesofbeingbothcarefulandcareless.(2004上海春)A.StrangelyenoughB.EnoughstrangelyC.StrangeenoughD.Enoughstrange二、考查形容词作定语的后置规律•5_______totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.(2000全国)A.BraveenoughstudentsB.EnoughbravestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.Studentsenoughbrave•6Allthepeople______atthepartywerehissupporters.(2002北京)A.presentB.thankfulC.interestedD.important形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前,但下列三种情况形容词要后置:①形容词短语作定语时;②表语形容词作定语时;③修饰复合不定代词时。三、考查多个形容词作定语的排序•(7)JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasa______car.(2004辽宁)A.largeGermanwhiteB.largewhiteGermanC.whitelargeGermanD.Germanlargewhite•(8)______studentsarerequiredtotakepartintheboatrace.(2004浙江)A.TenstrongyoungChineseB.TenChinesestrongyoungC.ChinesetenyoungstrongD.YoungstrongtenChinese多个形容词修饰名词时,其排序规律是:(限定词+程度副词+)描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词•9Thehusbandgavehiswife______everymonthinordertopleaseher.(2004重庆)A.allhalfhisincome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