测井技术新进展综述

203Vol.20No.320059(:786~795)PROGRESSINGEOPHYSICSSep.2005原宏壮1,2,陆大卫3,张辛耘4,孙建孟1(1.,257061;2.,257096;3.,100011;4.,433123)在过去几年里,测井技术受石油勘探开发需要所推动,并借助现代电子和信息技术的新成就,发展十分迅速.三分量感应和正交偶极声波等新型成像测井仪器的出现,使地层各向异性研究成了热点.网络测井作为新一代测井系统,处于研制和完善阶段.新的裸眼井测井仪器,如新型的满贯组合测井系统三分量阵列感应测井仪油基泥浆电阻率成像测井仪等得到进一步改进.新的套管井测井仪器,如过套管电阻率测井仪新型脉冲中子类测井仪等不断出现并得到改进.随钻测井系列不断增加,如随钻核磁共振测井随钻地层测试,等等.新的测量工艺技术,如过套管地层测试井下永久传感器工艺技术等正日趋成熟.新的测井概念,如测井-取心联作套管外取心动电测井套管钻井测井等,给人耳目一新的感觉.对国外测井技术现状和水平进行全面而深入的研究,对于我们当前的科研和生产具有指导和借鉴作用.本文综合评述了近几年测井技术六个方面的重大进展:(1)岩石物理性质;(2)测井地面系统;(3)裸眼井测井;(4)套管井测井;(5)随钻测井;(6)射孔取心和测试.在深入研究的基础上探讨了测井技术的发展方向,主要结论是岩石各向异性仍将是岩石物理研究的一个重点,测井传感器的物理模拟和数值模拟在测井仪器的设计中将扮演越来越重要角色,测井地面系统的发展主要集中在网络化综合化的方向上,井下仪器的发展主要体现在集成化和阵列化的发展方向上.从长远看,随着井下永久传感器和施工工艺技术不断发展和完善,套管井测井中的许多项目最终会被取而代之.随钻测井技术仍将迅猛发展,随钻测井必将逐步取代电缆式裸眼测井.进展,岩石物理性质,测井地面系统,裸眼井测井,套管井测井,随钻测井P631A10042903(2005)03078610AnoverviewofrecentadvancesinwellloggingtechnologyYUANHongzhuang1,2,LUDawei3,ZHANGXinyun4,SUNJianmeng1(1.SchoolofGeoresourcesandInformation,UniversityofPetroleum,Dongying257061,China;2.ShengliOilfieldWellLoggingCo.,Dongying257096,China;3.E&PCompany,PetroChinaCompanyLimited,Beijing100011,China;4.TechnologyCentreofCPL,Qianjiang433123,China)AbstractDrivenbytheneedofpetroleumexplorationandproduction,today'swellloggingtechnologyhasbeendevelopingrapidlyinthepastfiveyearswiththeaidofmodernelectronicsandinformationtechnology.Theresearchonpetrophysicalpropertyisfocusingonformationheterogeneityandanisotropywiththeadventofthreedimensionalintroductionloggingtoolandcrossdipoleacousticloggingtool.Networklogging,asanewgenerationofloggingsystem,isinfastdevelopmentandimprovement.Novelopenholetoolssuchasnewlydevelopedslamcombinationtoolstack,threedimensionalintroductiontool,oilbasemudmicroresistivityimagingloggingtool,arecomingforthandimproving.Thesurveyofrecentandnear-termadvancesinnewloggingtechnologyisveryhelpfulforcurrentresearchandproduction.Thispaperprovidesanoverviewofrecentadvancesinpetrophysics,loggingsurfacesystem,openholelogging,casedholelogging,loggingwhiledrilling,andperforating,coringandtesting.Thetrendsinwellloggingtechnologyisexploredbasedonthoroughlyresearch,thepointsofwhichare1)formationheterogeneityisankeyaspectofpetrophysicsresearch,2)physicalandnumericalsimulationsofloggingsensorsareplayingamoreand20041110;20050210.,,,1990,2000,,1996,,()11,(),,.(Email:[e-mail])3,:moreimportantroleintooldesignanddevelopment,3)loggingsurfacesystemisevolvingtonetworkingandcomprehension,whiledownholetoolsisdevelopingforwardtointegrationandarray.Inthelongterm,withthecontinueddevelopmentanddeploymentofpermanentdownholesensors,mostofcurrentopenholeloggingoperationsmaybereplaced.ThemembersofLWDfamilyaregettingmaturedandrich,andwirelineloggingiseventuallysupersededbyLWD.Keywordsadvance,petrophysicalproperty,loggingsurfacesystem,openholelogging,casedholelogging,loggingwhiledrilling0引言,,,,./,(),,.2090,,!∀.,.,.(OBM)(SBM),.,:;;,,.,,(),..,,.,,,..1测井应用基础研究[1#6],!∀,:,/;,(),.().()().,.,.,.,,.,,,..(,).()..(),,().78720().,,.,.,.,,,.2测井地面系统,(1962)(1976)14,(1990)14[7].,###.,.2.1INSITEINSITEAnywhere[8],.INSITE,,,.INSITEAnywhere,INSITE,,,,.2.2FOX[9],,.3裸眼井测井,.,53%[10].3.1[11,12]1995(ExpressPlatform),,.2001,2002IQ,20037!∀###FOCUS.(1),,,,.,:()().:(1)(ExpressPlatform,):(HAIT)(HALS),(TLD),,().(2)IQ:(HRAI),(SDLT),(DSNA),(BCAS),.(3)-FOCUS():(HDIL),Z,,(XMAC),.1Table1SpecificationcomparisonofslamcombinationloggingsystemofSchlumberger,HalliburtonandBakerAtlasIQExpressPlatformFOCUS(∃)350(177)250(120)260(127)psi(MPa)20,000(138)10,000(69)10,000(69)(cm)9.211.79.5(m)20.711.615.24(kg)623311281.2(in.)414244341214(m/min)18.318.318.33.22080.,7883,:,().,..3.2.1普通泥浆(水基泥浆)电阻率成像-(ComputaLog)2001(EarthImager)6,66,[13].,6,25,150.,12,25.200mm63%.35020000psi.2003(XRMI)[14],(EMI).Rt/Rm,.XRMI32,,EMI,5,3.(Rt%2000&m)(Rm%0.1&m),.XRMI,120/,8.5,67%,.3.2.2油基泥浆电阻率成像,,.2000,(OBIM)[15,16].,V,Ik,Rxo=k(V/I).OBMI4,5.3.0cm.OBMI3.0cm,.10in(25cm),Rxo,20%.-2001###EARTH[17].6,8.8in64.9%.1~2000&m,Rxo,1.5%.350∋F20000psi,6~21in,600ft/h.3.2.3核磁共振成像测井-(Computalog)-(NUMAR).NMR[18]...,,.6in.,.MRExplorer(MREX)-NMR[19]...,,.2.5in4.5in,.(Computalog)NPR!Karatozh∀,NMR[20].(NMRT),,730kHz,700~760kHz.13.8in0.28in.NMRT.,.3.2.4三分量感应测井,,.,.,30%..789202000###(3DEX)[21#23].-,5HxxHyyHzzHxyHxz.(Rh)(Rv),.,3DEX..2003SPWLA,[24].H.,z,.72in...3.2.5正交偶极声波测井2001SPWLA,###WaveSonic[25].,(NMR).,./.33.5ft,300(150∃)20000psi.4套管井测井,,,.,,.,47%[10]..4.1.,..CHFR,2001###CHFR#Plus[26],200~240ft/h,412in958in,30015000psi.CHFR,CHFR#Plus,,,.CHFR,2003~200460.TCR[27].TCR,7,.19in()38in().,,.4.2,,,.2001(RMT),RMTElite[28].218in,238in.1.4in(GBO),.1in,6in.:(1)C/O,,,.(2),(PNC),.4.3[29,30],,,7903,:,.,:,,,.,.,().,,,,..4.4[31]2002SPWLA,,(EKL).:,.,.EKL,,/.,,.,.,.EKL.EKL,EKL.4.5[32].,.,,.,,,.:(1).,,,.,,(),.(2).,,,.,,.4.6ABC[33](ABC),,.:(1)CHFRPlus###;(2)CHDT###,;(3)CHFP###,;(4)CHFD###,;(5)DSI###,.5随钻测井技术(LWD),,,.,,.,LWD.(),,..,;.5.1[34#36]!∀.,.,4~10bit/s,550~660bit/s..(1)(EM).MWD/LWD,.EM.EM79120,.EM:1)EMMWD;2)E;3)-MWD.(2).GrantPrideIntellipipMWD/LWD..,1000ft.1000000bps,1~10bps..IntellipipGrantPride.(3).MWD.,,,.,3000ft.,5.5.2(1