《JEFF资料库》-公共管理-世贸组织介绍

TheWorldtradeorganization（WTO）Ⅰ.WhatistheWTO?•Theonlyglobalinternationalorganizationdealingwiththerulesoftradebetweennations.•Anorganizationfortradeopening.•Aforumforgovernmentstonegotiatetradeagreements.•Aplacetosettletradedisputes.•Arules-based,member-drivenorganization.Ⅱ.Establishment（GATT–WTO）•1947,GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade(GATT)（关税与贸易总协定）•Inthewakeof“BrettonWoods”institutions(布雷顿森林体系）-theWorldBankandtheInternationalMonetaryFund.•1948-1994,GATTprovidedtherulesformuchoftheworldtrade.•ThepredecessorofWTO.•AftereightGATTtraderounds(贸易回合谈判），WTOwasborninJan.1st,1995.GATTtraderoundsⅢ.BasicinformationabouttheWTO•1.Ithead-quarteredinGenevaSwitzerland.2.159members(2013)3.ThelogooftheWTO•DesignedbySingaporeanSuYeangDesigncompany，announcedin1997•Sixhelicalcurves（螺旋曲线）inred,blueandgreen•Vitality,energy•CooperationⅣ.OrganizationstructureⅤ.TenthingstheWTOcando•1.Cutlivingcostsandraiselivingstandards•2.Settledisputesandreducetradetensions•3.Stimulateeconomicgrowthandemployment•4.Cutthecostofdoingbusinessinternationally•5.Encouragegoodgovernance•6.Helpcountriesdevelop•7.Givetheweakastrongervoice•8.Supporttheenvironmentandhealth•9.Contributetopeaceandstability•10.BeeffectivewithouthittingtheheadlinesⅥ.Principles•1.Non-discrimination•2.Moreopen•3.Predictableandtransparent•4.Morecompetitive•5.Morebeneficialforlessdevelopedcountries•6.ProtecttheenvironmentⅥ.China﹠WTO•Oneofthe23originalsignatoriesoftheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade(GATT)in1948.•In1986,ChinanotifiedtheGATTofitswishtoresumeitsstatusasaGATTcontractingparty.•In1987,theWorkingPartyonChina'sstatuswasestablishedunderGATT.•In1995,ChinabecametheobserveroftheWTO.•Afterbilateralnegotiations,ChinajoinedtheWTOonNovember11th,2001.1986,askedtorestorethecontractingpartystatusinGATTInNovember1995,China’sGATTworkingpartyconvertedtoaWTOworkingparty.OnNovember15th,1999,ChinaandtheUSsignedabilateralagreement.Onmay19th,2000,ChinaandtheEUsignedthebilateralagreement.OnNovember11th,2001,ChinajoinedtheWTOⅦ.Prosandcons•Opportunities•1.Eliminatetariffbarriers.•2.Diversifieddevelopmentofexporttrade•3.Clearandcrediblerules•4.Moreinvestments•5.ClosereconomicandtraderelationsamongMainlandChina,HongKong,MacaoandTaiwan.•Challenges•1.Fiercercompetitionfordomesticenterprises.•2.TheinternationalmarketwillinfluenceChineseeconomy.•3.Sufferedfromwrongaccusationinmultilateraldisputes.