2016中石油职称英语考试阅读60篇学习心得-1-中石油职称英语考试2016版60篇通用选读学习心得(20篇新课文,考过的大题已标出)目录31PETROLEUMGEOLOGYANDOTHERSCIENCES石油地质学与其它科学................错误!未定义书签。32.THECALIFORNIAGOLDRUSH加利福尼亚淘金热(2016新版)............................错误!未定义书签。33WHATDOPARENTSOWETHEIRCHILDREN父母欠子女什么?............................错误!未定义书签。34.SHOULDYOUGOORGANIC?你应该“有机”吗?(N2016新增)...................错误!未定义书签。35YOUBETYOURLIFE以命相赌...............................................................................错误!未定义书签。36.TOBECONTENTWITHONE'SLOT乐天知命..........................................................错误!未定义书签。37IDIDN'TKNOWHOWTOTEACHUNTILIMETYOU直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学错误!未定义书签。38RESERVOIRPRODUCTIONMECHANISMS油藏开采机理(2016新版)..............错误!未定义书签。39A$210,000WALLET价值21万美元的钱包..........................................................错误!未定义书签。40FUNDAMENTALTECHNIQUESINHANDLINGPEOPLE处理人际关系的基本技巧...错误!未定义书签。2016中石油职称英语考试阅读60篇学习心得-2-11SmokingandCancer吸烟和癌1.Americanssmokesixthousandmillion百万cigarettes香烟,纸烟everyyear(1970figures).Thisisroughly大致上,大体,大约theequivalent相等的of4,195cigarettesayearforeverypersoninthecountryof18yearsofageormore.Itisestimatedthat据估计51%ofAmericanmensmokecomparedwith34%ofAmericanwomen.1、美国人每年抽烟60亿支(1970年的统计数字)。这大致等于每个18岁以上的人一年要吸4195支烟。据估计,美国有51%的男性吸烟,而女性吸烟的比例则为34%。2.Since1939,numerous数不清的,许多的,大量的scientificstudieshavebeenconductedtodeterminewhethersmokingisahealthhazard冒险,危险.Thetrendoftheevidence证据hasbeenconsistent一致的andindicatesthatthereisaserioushealthrisk.Researchteamshaveconductedstudiesthatshowbeyondallreasonabledoubt毫无疑问的,不容置疑的thattobacco烟草smoking,particularlycigarettesmoking,isassociatedwith与…有关shortenedlifeexpectancy预期,期望.2、1939年以来,为了确定抽烟是否有害健康进行了大量的科学研究。证据所显示的趋势是一贯的,并表明对人体的健康有严重的危险。许多研究小组进行的研究不容置疑地表明,吸食烟草,特别是吸卷烟与预期寿命缩短有关。3.Cigarettesmokingisbelievedbymostresearchworkersinthisfieldtobeanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofcancerofthelungs肺癌andcancerofthethroat喉癌andisbelievedtoberelatedtocancerofthebladder膀胱癌andtheoralcavity口腔.Malecigarettesmokershaveahigherdeathratefromheartdiseasethannon-smokingmales.(Femalesmokersarethoughttobelessaffectedbecausetheydonotbreatheinthesmokesodeeply.)Themajority大多数ofdoctorsandresearchersconsidertheserelationshipsprovedtotheirsatisfaction满意andsay,Giveupsmoking.Ifyoudon'tsmoke-don'tstart!3、这方面的研究人员大都相信吸卷烟是产生肺癌、喉癌的重要因素,还认为膀胱癌、口腔癌也与此有关。男性吸烟者的心脏病死亡率比不吸烟的高。(他们认为女性吸烟者受影响小一些,因为她们吸烟不那么深。)大多数医生和研究人员认为,上述那些关系已得到令人满意的证实,并且告诫说:“戒烟吧,如果你不会抽-那可不要学!”2016中石油职称英语考试阅读60篇学习心得-3-4.Somecompetent有能力的,胜任的physicians医生andresearchworkers-thoughtheirsmallnumberisdecreased减少evenfurther-arelesssureoftheeffectofcigarettesmokingonhealth.Theyconsidertheincreaseinrespiratory呼吸的diseasesandvariousformsofcancermaypossiblybeexplainedbyotherfactorsinthecomplexhumanenvironment-atmosphericpollution,increasednervousstress,chemicalsubstances物质inprocessedfood加工食品,orchemicalpesticides杀虫剂thatarenowbeingusedbyfarmersinvastquantitiestodestroyinsects昆虫andsmallanimals.Smokerswhodevelopcancerorlungdiseases,theysay,mayalso,bycoincidence恰巧,liveinindustrialareas,oreatmorecanned罐头food.Gradually渐渐地,逐渐地,however,researchisisolating排除,孤立allotherpossiblefactorsandprovingthemtobestatistically统计上地,统计地irrelevant不相干的,无关的.4、有些精通业务的医生和研究人员-虽然这些人不多,并且人数在进一步减少-不那么肯定吸卷烟对人体健康有影响。他们认为呼吸系统疾病和各种癌症的增多也许可以说是由于人类复杂环境中另外一些因素,即:空气的污染、人们精神压力的增大、经过加工的食品中的化学物质、或化学杀虫药引起的。农民现在大量使用这些农药杀死昆虫和小动物。据他们说,那些患了癌症或肺病的人可能恰巧也住在工业区,或是吃了更多的罐头食品。但是研究工作逐渐排除了其它因素的可能性,并且用统计数字证明这些因素是无关的。5.Apartfrom除了thescientificstatistics统计,itmightbehelpfultolookat认清whatsmokingtobaccoactuallydoestothehumanbody.Smokeisamixtureofgases,vaporized气化的chemicals,minuteparticlesofash灰,andothersolids.Thereisalsonicotine尼古丁,whichisapowerfulpoison毒,andblacktar焦油,柏油.Asthesmokeisbreathedin,allthesecomponentsformdeposits沉淀onthemembranes膜,隔膜ofthelungs.Onepointofconcentration集中iswheretheairtube气管,orbronchus支气管,divides.Mostlungcancerbeginsatthispoint.5、除了科学统计之外,研究工作还有助于认清吸食烟草对人体的实际影响。抽烟产生的烟雾是一种混合的气体,包括气化的化学物质,极小的烟尘微粒和其它固体,还有毒性很强的尼古丁和黑焦油。当吸进烟时,所有这些成分就都沉淀在肺膜上。在气管和支气管分支的地方有一个集中点。大部分肺癌就从这里发端。6.Smokingalsoaffectstheheartandbloodvessels血管.ItisknowntoberelatedtoBeurger'sdisease,anarrowing狭窄ofthesmallveins静脉inthehandsandfeet2016中石油职称英语考试阅读60篇学习心得-4-thatcancausegreatpainandleadeventoamputation切断手术oflimbs肢.Smokersalsodiemuchmoreoftenfromheartdisease.6、抽烟也影响心脏和血管。现已查明抽烟与伯尔格氏病有关。这种疾病使手脚的细静脉不断缩小,从而引起剧烈疼痛甚至会导致截肢。抽烟者死于心脏病的也比不吸烟的人多得多。7.Whilealltobaccosmokingaffectslifeandexpectancy期待,预期andhealth,cigarettesmokingappearstohaveamuchgreatereffectthancigar雪茄orpipe烟斗smoking.However,nicotineconsumption消耗isnotdiminished减少bythelatter后者forms,andcurrentresearchindicatesacausal具有因果关系的relationshipbetweenallformsofsmokingandcancerofthemouthandthroat.Filters过滤andlowtartobaccoareclaimedto据称makesmokingtosomeextent程度上safer,buttheycanonlymarginally略微,在边上reduce,noteliminate消除thehazards危害.7、尽管吸食各种烟草都会影响预期寿命和健康,但是抽香烟的影响要比抽雪茄和抽烟斗大得多。不过,后两种并不能减少对尼古丁的吸食,并且当前的研究指出各式各样的吸烟都和口腔癌、喉癌有某种因果关系。据称过滤嘴香烟和低焦油烟草能使吸烟在某种程度上比较安全,但是这只能略微减少危害,而不能消除危害。12.EastMeetsWestinRelaxingMacau澳门——东西方文化的交汇点1.