2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记-1-2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记(考过的大题已标出)目录41.HAPPINESSINDEX幸福指数...............................................................................................................242BECOMINGWEALTHY:IT'SUPTOYOU致富取决于你自己.................................................................743OIL石油............................................................................................................................................1044JOBSATISFACTIONNEW.................................................................................................................1345.HOWTOBECOMEASCIENTISTNEW.............................................................................................1846.CULTURALTABOOS文化禁忌...........................................................................................................2147MANAGINGINAGLOBALENVIRONMENT在全球环境中进行管理..................................................2548.THECONSCIOUSUSEOFTHESUBCONSCIOUSMINDNEW............................................................2949.THEBRITISHTHROUGHMYEYESNEW..........................................................................................3350NOTQUITEREADYTORETIRE退休为时尚早....................................................................................362016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记-2-温馨小语:每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记,它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面,即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译,所以在学习中要认真体会,找到自己要重点学习的内容。跳过每一段英文原文,只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分。。。是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容?熟悉中文意思,在考试中也是很有帮助的,特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时,如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文,你一定会用最短的时间,找到正确的答案。考试的题量可不小,要在此处抢得先机。过段时间,再来温习下吧。41.HappinessIndex幸福指数(indexn.索引;偏意:指数)1.Intermsofhappiness,yourspouse—ifyouhaveone—isworth$100,000ayear.1、就幸福而言(intermsof依据;按照),你的配偶(spouse)——如果你有的话——值10万美元一年(ayear)。2.That'sthefindingoftwoeconomistswhohavetriedtoputamonetaryvalueonhappinessbymeasuringtheemotionalvalueofeverythingfromreligiontoracialdiscriminationindollars.2、这就是两位经济学家研究的结果(findingn.发现;调查的结果;economistn.经济学家),他们试图从金钱的角度来衡量幸福,以美元为单位(indollars),对从宗教到种族歧视等各种情感进行估价(who引导的定语从句修饰twoeconomists;trytodosth.试图做某事;monetaryvalue货币价值;emotionalvalue情感价值;religionn.宗教;信仰;racialdiscrimination种族歧视)。3.Suchacalculation,admitseconomistDavidBlanchflower,isalittlebitoffthewallandmaypromptwrycommentswithinsomemarriagesoncashingin.3、经济学家大卫·布兰奇弗劳尔(简称DB)承认(admitvt.),这种计算是“有点离奇”(alittlebit有点儿;offthewall荒诞的;疯狂的),并可能引起不当的想法(promptvt.激起;促进;wryadj.扭曲的;commentn.评论;意见),认为有些人结婚是为了“从中捞取好处”(cashin兑现)。4.Thetwoeconomistsare,ofcourse,speakingofaverages.Theyhaveusedanannualsurveyofsome1,500Americansfrom1972to1998tomeasureself-reportedhappinessandthefactorsthatgowithit.Butitturnsoutthatthehappinessvalueofastablemarriageisincrediblyhigh,saysDr.Blanchflower,aprofessoratDartmouthCollegeinHanover,N.H.,whosestudyhasjustbeenpublishedbytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchinCambridge,Mass.Don'tgiveituplightly.2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记-3-4、当然,这两位经济学家是就一般人(或中等水平)而言的(speakof提及;谈到)。他们从1972年到1998年每年(annualadj.年度的;每年的)对大约1500名美国人进行调查,衡量(tomeasure…不定式作目的状语)他们自述的幸福和产生幸福的因素(thatgowithit定语从句修饰前面置词thefactors;it指的是什么?答案就是“自述的幸福”;gowith伴随;)。结果表明(itturnsoutthat原来是…),一个稳定的婚姻的幸福值“髙得令人难以置信(incrediblyadv.)”,布兰奇弗劳尔(DB)博士如是说。布兰奇弗劳尔博士是新罕布什尔州汉诺威市达特默思大学教授,他的研究成果新近已由马萨诸塞州(Mass)剑桥市的全国经济研究局发表(本句考点:现在完成时被动语态,by后面的机构不用深究是什么;justadv.刚刚)。他还说:“不要轻易放弃婚姻。”(giveup放弃)5.BlanchflowerandhispartnerAndrewOswald,aneconomistatWarwickUniversityinBritain,beginwiththisquestion:Takenalltogether,howwouldyousaythingsarethesedays—wouldyousaythatyouarehappy,prettyhappy,ornotsohappy?5、布兰奇弗劳尔和他的合作伙伴(partner)——英国华威大学的经济学家安德鲁•奥斯瓦尔德(简称AO),是以这个问题开始(beginwith)他们的调查的:“总的来说(alltogether一起;同时),你会怎样描述近况——是快乐、相当快乐,还是不怎么快乐?”(howwouldyousay…用两个特殊疑问句提出问题;谓语say后接两个宾语从句。)6.Thesurveyresultsincludedetailedcharacteristicsofthosesurveyed,suchaswhethertheyaremarried,divorced,single,theirincomelevel,race,gender,etc.Withthatdata,theyfoundwhichfactorsareassociatedwithgreaterhappiness.6、调查结果包括(include)被调查对象的详细特征(detailedcharacteristicsofthosesurveyed;记得the+adj.可以当名词用,如thepoor穷人;这里的thosesurveyed是不是也是一样,也可以当名词用,即“被调查对象”)——比如是否(whether)已婚、离异、单身,收入水平、种族和性别(gender)等情况。他们运用这些数据找出了那些与更高程度幸福相关的因素(which引导的名词性从句做宾语;beassociatedwith和…联系在一起;与…有关)。7.Extramoneydoesbuysomehappiness.But(itis)notasmuchasmanywouldsuspect.Constructingasortofhappinessindexthatassigns3toveryhappy,2toprettyhappy,and1tonottoohappy,thetworeckonthatanextradollarprovides0.00000409inadditionalhappiness.Or$10,000wouldgiveyou0.04unitsofextrahappiness.7、额外的金钱的确(does强调,加强语气)可以买到某种幸福。但是并不像许多人料想的那么多(suspectvi.怀疑;猜想)。他们设计了一种幸福指数:3表示“非常幸福”,2表示“相当幸福”,1表示“不太幸福”(that2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记-4-引导的定语从句修饰asortofhappinessindex;assignto分配给;指定到)。他们俩由此估算出(reckonvt.测算;计算),每额外增加1美元,幸福就会增值0.00000409(additionaladj.附加的,额外的)。或者说1万美元可以使你的幸福增值0.04个单位。8.Thetwoeconomists,usingthisindex,assignadollarvaluetootherfactorsassociatedwithmoreorlesshappiness.8、这两位经济学家用这种指数(usingthisindex)以美元为单位对与大大小小的幸福相关的(associatedwithmoreorlesshappiness过去分词做定语,修饰otherfactors)其他因素进行了估价。9.Usingthatindex,alastingmarriageisworth$100,000peryearcomparedwithbeingwidowedordivorced.Beingseparatedisthegreatestdepressantofhappiness,followed