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第二章语法填空第二节有提示词的解题技巧专题三词类转换一、基础知识1．常用的否定前缀或后缀有un，dis，im，in，il，ir，less等，通过加否定前缀或后缀可改变词义，变成其反义词。如necessary—unnecessary，legal—illegal，polite—impolite，home—homeless等。2．常见的名词后缀有tion，ence，ism，-ist，ment，ship，ty，ure，al等。如invent—invention，please—pleasure，arrive—arrival等。3．常见的形容词后缀有able，al，ern，ful，-ical，ish，less，ive，ous，y等。如condition—conditional，reason—reasonable，harm—harmful等。4．常见的副词后缀有ly，ward(s)等。如lucky—luckily，back—backward等。5．常见的动词后缀有en，fy，ize，ise等。如wide—widen，short—shorten，pure—purify等。6．注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化：(1)以le结尾的形容词，变le为ly：possible—possibly，terrible—terribly，comfortable—comfortably，gentle—gently，simple—simply。(2)以y结尾的形容词，变y为ily：easy—easily，angry—angrily，noisy—noisily，happy—happily，heavy—heavily，healthy—healthily。(3)本身既是形容词也是副词的词，无需改变：fast，early，high，hard，late，far，wide，alone。(4)本身即为副词，同时也可加ly变成表另一词义的副词，如：wide(尽可能，充分)—widely(广泛地)，high(高地)—highly(高度地)，hard(努力地，困难地)—hardly(几乎不)。(5)容易拼错的词：excitedly，truly，healthily，politely，widely，nicely，closely。分析空格所在句子的结构，明确空格处在句子中作何种成分，确定需要的词性，如果所给的单词的词性与需要的词性不一致，则此处需要作词类转换。技巧一、作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式例“Thatwouldbeavery________(reason)thingtodoinabigcity，butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours，”Nicksaid.二、解题技巧词类转换题。在名词前作定语要用形容词。reason的形容词形式是reasonable。解析：答案：reasonable技巧二、作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式例1Thistime，shegavemeasmilewith________(satisfy)andgratitudeinhereyes.Thewomanispoorinmateriallifebutissorespectableasaman.Iamnotonlymovedbutalsohavelearnedagoodlesson.因在介词with后作宾语要用名词，故填satisfaction。解析：答案：satisfaction例2InChinese，“knot”meansreunion，friendliness，and________(warm)，love，etc.与名词reunion，friendliness和love并列，一起作means的宾语，也应是名词，故填warmth。解析：答案：warmth技巧三、在“冠词(＋形容词)”或形容词性物主代词后，用名词形式例Onhis________(arrive)，heparkedhisbikeoutsidethebackdoorasusual.形容词性物主代词后面应填名词，故填arrival。需要注意的是此空不能填arriving，填arriving后面要有地点状语或时间状语。解析：答案：arrival技巧四、修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语，用副词形式例Dudley，whichis________(probable)theheartoftheBlackCountry，hasahistorydatingbackoverl，000years，anditsfamouscastlehasbeentheresinceaboutthe8thcentury.在系动词is后面修饰谓语部分，应该用副词形式probably。解析：答案：probably技巧五、有时根据句意需要改变所给词的意思，而不是改变词性，需要给所给的词加上前缀un，im，dis或后缀less等例Onceahabitisformed，itisdifficult，andsometimes________(possible)，togetridof.Itisthereforeveryimportantthatwepaygreatattentiontotheformationofhabits.和difficult并列一起作表语，因此仍要填形容词；由句子逻辑可知，应为“有时是不可能的”，故填impossible。解析：答案：impossible技巧六、当所给词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，需考虑形容词或副词级别的变化。另外，要善于分析语境，辨别省略了than...的隐性比较级例1Itmighthavemadeitalittle________(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround，butthatdidn'tstopthekidsintheclass.hard作宾补依然是要用形容词，所以不作词类转换，可考虑比较级；句中alittle修饰比较级harder，表示“更难一点”。解析：答案：harder例2IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment________(late)thatday.句子结构完整，需要副词作状语，而late(迟，晚)本身可作副词，因此，不必作词类转换，可想到用其比较级形式，填later。laterthatday指“那天晚些时候”。解析：答案：later(一)用所给单词的适当形式填空。1．Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir________(nature)course.2．Hefailedhismathsexaminationbecauseofhis________(care)work.3．InAlaska,thewolfalmost____________(appear)afewyearsago,becausehunterswerekillinghundredsofthemforsport.即学即练naturalcarelessdisappeared4．TheNanjingRoadisthemost________(crowd)streetinthecityofShanghai.5．Thepeopleinthevillagewere________(badly)offthantheywerefiveyearsagobecauseofwar.6．_____________(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutestocompletetherest.7．Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit________(patience)．crowdedworseUnfortunatelyimpatient8．“Thirtyfivecents，”shesaid________(rude)．9．Idon'tknowifheplacedthepoemnexttothefailinggradeto________(soft)theblow,butitworked.10．Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto______________(understand)them.11．Youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievementinthe______________(entertain)field.12．Thesepeoplehavemadegreat______________(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.rudelysoftenmisunderstandentertainmentcontributions(二)阅读下列短文，用所给单词的适当形式填空。ChildrenaresaidtobegiftsfromGodforparents.Therefore，mostparentsare1.________(thank)forthisgreatgift；theysacrificefortheirchildrenwithoutany2.________(hesitate)．Myfriend，Tom，wasbornwith3.________(disable)frombirthandcanonlymoveinawheelchair.Hisparentsdevotealltheirlovetohimalthoughmostoftheirfriendsand4.__________(connect)trytopersuadethemtogivebirthtoonemorechild，whomayatleastensuretheirthankfulhesitationdisabilityconnections5.____________(happy)intheirlateryears.Many6.____________(difficult)areinvolvedinlookingafteradisabledchild，butTom'sparentsmakeeveryefforttomakesurehecanliveashappyalifeasanynormalchild.Itistheirdevotionand7.________(self)lovethatmakesTomanactive，8.________(confidence)boyandoneofthe9.________(good)studentsatschool.Tom'sstoryisoneofthemovingstoriesaboutchildrenandparents.Noonecandeny(否认)thatparentshappinessdifficultiesselflessconfidentbestaretheoneswholoveusmostanddeserveour10.________(deep)love.Aschildren，weshouldalwaysbegratefultotheirloveandbereadytolovetheminreturn.deepest