例①—Howaboutcampingthisweekend,justforachange?—OK,______youwant.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever[解析]本题考查引导词。句意:“这个周末野营怎么样,来点新鲜的?”“好啊,按你的意思吧!”句子缺少宾语,故用whatever。C第13讲名词性从句例②Iwanttobelikedandlovedfor______Iaminside.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.how[解析]考查宾语从句。句意:我希望人们喜欢那个内心深处真实的我。只有what可以充当句子的表语,表示抽象的人的本质。C例③—Haveyoufinishedthebook?—No.I'vereadupto______thechildrendiscoverthesecretcave.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where[解析]考查宾语从句。upto为介词结构,后接宾语从句;句意是“读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”,故缺少地点状语,用where引导。D例④—IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.—That's______Idon'tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.A.whereB.howC.whenD.what[解析]考查表语从句。这就是我不同意的地方。agree是不及物动词,agreewith/on/to+宾语,因此缺少状语,所以用where。where可以引导名词性从句、状语从句或定语从句。A例⑤Itneveroccurredtome______youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.if[解析]考查固定句型。Itoccurs/occurredtosb.that…是固定句型,意思是:突然想起……,其中that引导主语从句,选C。句意:我永远想不到你能说服他改变主意。C1.常见的连词如下:①that从句,从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,that不能省略,没有具体的汉语意思,不充当句子成分。说明:只有动词后第一个宾语从句中的that可省略,其余名词性从句中,that一律不省略。也就是说,主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,用it作形式宾语的宾语从句及并列宾语从句中的后几个宾语从句,that都不能省略。引导名词性从句的连词②whether从句,从句来源于一般疑问句,whether不能省略,意为“是否”。注意:if只可以连接动词(discuss除外)后的宾语从句。即:确定意思是“是否”的前提下,名词性从句的连词优先选用whether。③特殊疑问词引导的从句,从句来源于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词不能省略,意思为“特殊疑问词本来的意思”,在从句中充当句子成分。引导名词性从句的连词2.名词性从句中难点、重点的连词:(1)where可表示抽象意义,“……的地方,……点”;when可表示“……的时候”。例:YouaresayingeveryoneshouldbeequalandthisiswhereIdisagree.That'swhereyouaremistaken.Theyear2008waswhenBeijingOlympicstookplace.引导名词性从句的连词(2)what引导名词性从句时,可视上下文理解为the+名词+that…例:①what=thethingthat/anythingthat…Whatyouneedtodoistowait.②what=theplacethat…Sheworksinwhatiscalled3MCompany.FinallytheyarrivedatwhatwascalledNewYorklater.引导名词性从句的连词③what=thetimethat…Afterwhatseemedyears,shefinallycamebacktolife.④what=thepersonthat…Sheisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.⑤what=thecountrythat…Chinaisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago.引导名词性从句的连词⑥what=thespeedthat…Shedrivesatwhatseemsadangerousspeed.⑦AistoBwhatCistoDWingsaretobirdswhatsailsaretoships.小结:名词性从句不完整时,如缺主语、宾语、表语时,用what引导。引导名词性从句的连词(3)whoever引导名词性从句时,whoever=anybodywho…whatever引导名词性从句时,whatever=anythingthat…whichever引导名词性从句时,whichever=any+名词+that…Whoever(=Anybodywho)breaksthelawwillbepunished.引导名词性从句的连词Youcaneatwhatever(=anythingthat)youwant.Therearemanybooksinourlibrary.Youcanborrowwhicheverbook(=anybookthat)youlike.小结:whoever/whatever/whichever既在主句中充当成分,又在从句中充当成分。注意:宾语从句可能来源于感叹句。例:Sheneverknewwhatawarmheartedmanhewas.引导名词性从句的连词名词性从句要用陈述句语序,即主谓语序。语序主句时态为过去时,从句时态为过去的某一时态;主句时态为现在时或将来时,从句时态视具体情况而定。时态主语从句主谓一致主语从句作主语,视为单数。形式主语和形式宾语it主语从句作句子主语,为平衡句子结构,避免头重脚轻,用it作形式主语;同理,宾语从句作宾语,为平衡句子结构,避免句子中间臃肿,用it作形式宾语,使句子瘦身。it所代替的真正的主语从句或宾语从句则放在句子的最后面。①Iwasclosetobeingkilledtheotherday.Acarpassedmeat______Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that[解析]句意:那天我差点儿丧命。一辆小车从我旁边开过,当时的速度在我看来非常危险。at后是一个宾语从句,从句缺少主语。C②AsfarasIsee,______isnopossibility______hewillwinthetennismatchthistime.A.it;thatB.there;thatC.it;whetherD.there;whether[解析]考查固定句型。thereis(no)possibility+that从句,that引导同位语从句。B③______isknowntousall,theoldscientist,for______lifewashardinthepast,stillworksveryhardinhiseighties.A.As;whomB.Which;whoseC.What;whomD.It;whose[解析]句意:众所周知,那位老科学家,对他来说,过去的生活是多么艰难,(如今,)80多岁了还在非常努力地工作着。as引导非限制性定语从句时,可放在句首或句中,指代整个主句,与主句用逗号隔开,意为“正如”。第二空若填whose,整个句子结构混乱。A④—Whatmadehersoupset?—______shefailedinherexamination.A.WhatB.ThatC.BecauseD.Whether[解析]答句应该是回答what的内容,所以是主语从句。因为结构完整,所以用that引导。B⑤—Itoldhimtotake______heconsideredhelpfultohimfromeverything______Iwashavingthen.—Youwerereallykindtohim.A.what;whatB.what;whicheverC.whatever;thatD.whichever;that[解析]考查宾语从句。heconsidered可看作插入语,从句缺少主语,因此用what,但根据语气whatever=anythingthat更确切;第二空为修饰everything的定语从句,that作从句的宾语,也可省略。C