IPv4向IPv6过渡技术综述_马严

200212254JournalofBeijingUniversityofPostsandTelecommunicationsDec.2002Vol.25No.4　　:1007-5321(2002)04-0001-05IPv4IPv6马　严,　赵晓宇(,100876):、IPv4IPv6Internet,.　　:IPv6;;;;:TP393.03　　　:ASummarizationofIPv4toIPv6TransitionMechanismsMAYan,　ZHAOXiao-yu(InformationNetworkCenter,BeijingUniversityofPostsandTelecommunications,Beijing100876,China)Abstract:ThewayforthefurtherdevelopmentofInternetisaverycriticalissue.ThispaperenumeratedandcomparedsomeexistingIPv4toIPv6transitionmechanisms.Keywords:IPv6;transitionmechanism;dualstack;NAT-PT;tunnel:2002-10-15:　(1955—),,.1　,Internet.,IPv4.、IPv4IPv6,.、.20022,50IPv6[1],IPv4.,InternetIPv6—“”IPv4“”.,IPv4,IPv6,,IPv4Internet.,IPv6,IPv6IPv4.IETFNGTrans[2].2　IPv4IPv6,.:(1)[3](DualStack)　IPv4IPv6,..(2)[3](Tunnel)　IPv4IPv6.IPv6IPv4,IPv4IPv4,“”41,IPv6,IPv6.(3)NAT-PT[4](NetworkAddressTranslation-ProtocolTranslation)　,IPv4IPv6IPv4IPv6.IP,IP,IPv4IPv6.3　3.1　IPv63.1.1　()[3](ConfiguredTunnel),.,IPv6,IPv6.IPv4,.NAT.3.1.2　[3](Auto-configuredTunnel)ISATAP(Intra-SiteAutomaticTunnelingAddressingProtocol),.IPv4IPv6(IPv4CompatibleIPv6Address,0::IPv4ADDR/96),IPv4.IPv4.NAT-PTIPv4IPv6.3.1.3　TunnelBroker[5](TB)TunnelBroker,,,ISPIPv6IPv6.TunnelBrokerIPv6ISPIPv6,.TunnelBroker.3.1.4　6over4[6]6over4,IPv6IPv6,IPv6.3.2,6over4IPv4(),,6over4.6over4IPv4,.225　3.1.5　6to4[7],6to4.IPv6(2002:IPv4ADDR::/48),6to4IPv4.IPv4IPv6,.IPv6.6to46to4.6to46to4IPv6IPv6(6to4RelayRouter),IPv4,BGP4+.3.1.6　BGPTunnel[8]IPv6,,.,.6to4,6to4IPv6,IPv4IPv4IPv6.MP-BGP.,6.3.2　IPv6IPv43.2.1　DualStackModel[9],.IPv4IPv6,IPv6IPv4,IPv4.3.2.2　LimitedDualStackModel[9],,IPv6.IPv4,IPv6IPv4.3.2.3　SIIT[10](StatelessIP/ICMPTranslation)SIITIPv4IPv6ICMPv4ICMPv6,,.(NAT-PT)IPv6IPv4,.3.2.4　NAT-PT[4](NetworkAddressTranslation-ProtocolTranslation)IPv4IPv6,,.NAT-PTIPv4IPv6.(FTP),NAT-PT[11,12]..IPv4NAT,,NAPT-PT.IPv6[13].3.2.5　BIS[14](Bump-In-the-Stack)IPv6IPv6.,:、,IPv4,NAT-PT.3　4　:IPv4IPv63.2.6　BIA[15](Bump-In-the-API)BIS,API,BIS..3.2.7　SOCKSGatewayMechanism[16]SOCKS(RFC1928),,IPv4/IPv6.DNS,.SOCKS,SOCKS,.3.2.8　TRT[17](TransportRelayTranslator)SOCKS64,,.TRTTCP/UDP.TRT{TCP,UDP}/IPv6{TCP,UDP}/IPv4,IPv6IPv4.3.2.9　DSTM[9](DualStackTransitionMechanism),IPv4IPv6IPv4.DSTMIPv4IPv4(DHCPv6)DNS.DSTMIPv6,IPv4IPv6IPv6.3.2.10　ALG[4](ApplicationLevelGateway)IPv4,HTTP.ALGTRT、SOCKS64,ALG.,,.NAT-PTIP.3.2.11　IPv6overUDP[13]TeredoTeredo,IPv4NATIPv6UDPIPv6.2002.3.2.12　IGMP/MLDProxying(mtp)[15]IGMP/MLDSIITNAT-PT,,IPv4IPv6.4　IPv4IPv6,,DNS[18].,..NGtran,IPv4IPv6.,GPRS3IPv6.425　:[1]　NextGenerationInternet-prioritiesforactioninmigratingtothenewInternetprotocolIPv6[EB/OL].[2]　SimpleInternetTransitionMechanisms(SIT)[EB/OL].[3]　GilliganR,NordmarkE.RFC2893-2000,TransitionmechanismsforIPv6hostsandrouters[S].[4]　TsirtsisG,SrisureshP.RFC2766-2000,Networkaddresstranslation-protocoltranslation(NAT-PT)[S].[5]　DurandA,FasanoP,GuardiniI,LentoD.RFC3053-2001,IPv6tunnelbroker[S].[6]　CarpenterB,JungC.RFC2529-1999,TransmissionofIPv6overIPv4domainswithoutexplicittunnels[S].[7]　CarpenterB,MooreK.RFC3056-2001,ConnectionofIPv6domainsviaIPv4clouds[S].[8]　TriNguyen,GerardGastaud,DirkOoms.ConnectingIPv6domainsacrossIPv4cloudswithBGP[Z].Internet-Draft,draft-ietf-ngtrans-bgp-tunnel-04.txt,2002.[9]　DupontF,BoundJim,AlainDurand.Dualstacktransitionmechanism(DSTM)[Z].Internet-Draft,2002.[10]　NordmarkE.RFC2765-2000,StatelessIP/ICMPtranslationalgorithm(SIIT)[S].[11]　SrisureshP,EgevangK.RFC3022-2001,TraditionalIPnetworkaddresstranslator(traditionalNAT)[S].[12]　,.ISPIPv4IPv6[J].,2001,(12):21-22.[13]　HuitemaC.Teredo:tunnelingIPv6overUDPthroughNATs[Z].InternetDraft,2002.[14]　TsuchiyaK,HiguchiH,AtarashiY.RFC2767-2000,Dualstackhostsusingthe“Bump-In-the-Stack”technique(BIS)[S].[15]　LeeSeungyun.RFC3338-2002,Dualstackhostsusing“bump-in-the-API”(BIA)[S].[16]　HiroshiKitamura.RFC3089-2001,ASOCKS-basedIPv6/IPv4gatewaymechanism[S].[17]　HaginoJ,YamamotoK.RFC3142-2001,AnIPv6-to-IPv4transportrelaytranslator[S].[18]　CrawfordM,HuitemaChristian.RFC2874-2000,DNSextensionstosupportIPv6addressaggregationandrenumbering[S].[19]　KazuakiTsuchiya.AnIPv6/IPv4multicasttranslatorbasedonIGMP/MLDproxying[Z].2002.5　4　:IPv4IPv6