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江苏技术师范学院毕业设计说明书（论文）第1页共43页基于单片机的步进电机控制系统设计摘要：步进电动机由于用其组成的开环系统既简单、廉价，又非常可行，因此在打印机等办公自动化设备以及各种控制装置等众多领域有着极其广泛的应用。本文介绍的是一种基于单片机的步进电机的系统设计，用汇编语言编写出电机的正转、反转、加速、减速、停止程序，通过单片机、电机的驱动芯片ULN2004以及相应的按键实现以上功能，并且步进电机的工作状态要用相应的发光二极管显示出来。本文内容介绍了步进电机以及单片机原理、该系统的硬件电路、程序组成，同时对软、硬件进行了调试，同时介绍了调试过程中出现的问题以及解决问题的方法。该设计具有思路明确、可靠性高、稳定性强等特点，通过调试实现了上述功能。关键词：步进电机；脉宽调制；驱动机构；单片机；转动江苏技术师范学院毕业设计说明书（论文）第2页共43页DesignofTheControlSystemofStep-motorAbstract:Theopen-loopsystemwhichiscomposedbystep-motorissimple,cheapandverypractical,sothereareverywiderangeofapplicationsinprintersandotherofficeautomationequipmentandvariouscontroldevices,andmanyotherfields.Thisarticledescribesonedesignofstep-motorsystembasedonmicrocontroller.Theprogramofthepreparationofamotor,reverse,speedup,slowdown,stopiswrittenbycompilelanguage.Theabovefunctionsarerealizedthroughthemicrocontroller,motordriverchipULN2004andcorrespondkey,andtheworkstateofsteppermotorisdiaplayedthroughthelight-emittingdiode.Thisarticleintroducestheprincipleofsteppermotorandsingle-chipmicrocomputer,thesystemhardwarecircuit,theprogramcomponents,whilesoftwareandhardwareforthedebugging,atthesametimeintroducestheproblemswhichareappearedinthedebuggingprocessandthesolutionsoftheproblems.Thedesignhastheadvantagesofclear,highreliability,strongstability,etc.,andtheabove-mentionedfunctionsarerealizedthroughthedebugging..KeyWords:Steppermotor;Pulse-widthmodulated;drivingmechanism;singlechip;rotation江苏技术师范学院毕业设计说明书（论文）第3页共43页目录序言················································································1第1章绪论······································································21.1课题研究的目的和意义······························································21.2国内外研究概况·······································································21.3论文的主要研究内容·································································3第2章步进电机与单片机简介···········································42.1步进电机介绍··········································································42.1.1步进电机概述··································································42.1.2步进电机的工作原理·························································62.1.3步进电机的分类与选择······················································82.2步进电机驱动系统介绍······························································92.2.1步进电机驱动系统简介······················································92.2.2步进电机绕组的电气特性·················································102.3单片机原理············································································112.3.1单片机原理概述·······························································112.3.2单片机的应用系统···························································122.3.3AT89C51简介·································································13第3章系统整体硬件结构················································173.1系统整图··············································································173.2电源部分··············································································183.3按键部分··············································································183.4驱动部分··············································································193.5状态指示部分········································································203.6时钟部分··············································································20第4章系统软件设计·······················································214.1系统开发软硬件环境·······························································214.2系统主程序···········································································214.3查键部分··············································································224.4前进部分··············································································224.5后退部分··············································································234.6加速部分··············································································244.7减速部分··············································································25第5章系统的调试与检测·················································26江苏技术师范学院毕业设计说明书（论文）第4页共43页5.1程序编译时的错误与解决方法···················································265.2LM7812输出电压错误与解决方法··············································265.3步进电机转动错误及解决方法···················································265.4结论与展望···········································································27参考文献·········································································28致谢··············································································29附录··············································································29附录1：源程序清单·····································································30附录2：英文资料及其中文翻译······················································35江苏技术师范学院毕业设计说明书（论文）第5页共43页基于单片机的步进电机控制系统设计序言步进电机作为执行元件，是机电一体化的关键产品之一，广泛应用在各种自动化控制系统中。它是用电脉冲信号进行控制，将电脉冲信号转换成相应的角位移或线位移的微电动机，它最突出的优点是可以在宽广的频率范围内通过改变脉冲频率来实现调速，快速起停、正反转控制及制动等，并且用其组成的开环系统既简单、廉价，又非常可行，因此在打印机等办公自动化设备以及各种控制装置等众多领域有着极其广泛的应用。随着微电子和计算机技术的发展，步进电