65英语国家概况PPT

TheUnitedStatesofAmericaUnit8GeographyandPeopleContentsGeography1Climate3NaturalResources4People5MajorCities2WatchthemapofU.S.Acarefullyandfindcluestothefollowingitemslocation(borderingneighbors)States(thesmallest&thelargeststate)SizeandLocationInthecentralpartofNorthAmerica(exceptAlaskaandHawaii);CanadaonthenorthMexicoandtheGulfofMexicoonthesouthAtlanticOceanontheeastPacificOceanonthewesttotalarea—9,5millionsquarekilometers;50statesandthefederaldistrictofColumbia—theseatoftheFederalGovernment.Statesoriginal48statesAlaskaandHawaii,separatedfromthecontinent,becamethe49thand50thstatesin1959.AlaskabordersonnorthwesternCanadaHawaiiliesinthecentralPacificOceanAlaska—thelargestRhodeIsland—thesmallestTexas—thelargestonthemainland1.ThreeGeographicDivisionsGeographicDivisionsCentralpartEasternpartWesternpartTheEasternPartTheeasternpart—thehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange(阿巴拉挈亚山脉).onesixthoftheterritoryrelativelylow,withanaveragealtitudeof800metersabovesealevelTheWesternPartHighplateaus(高原)andmountains—extendingfromCanadathroughthewesternpartoftheUnitedStatestoMexicoandfurthersouth.Onethirdofthecountry’sterritoryRockymountainsTheGreatCentralPlainBetweentheAppalachiansintheeastandtheRockyMountainsinthewest.halfofAmerica’slandmassonthecontinentstretchfromtheGreatLakesinthenorthtotheGulfofMexicointhesouthdrainedbytheMississippianditstributariesfivegreatlakesandNiagaraFallsLakeErie2.MainGeographicalRegionsNewEnglandTheMid-AtlanticStatesTheSouthTheMidwestTheWestTheSouthwestNewEnglandincludingsixstatesinthenortheasterncorner.longhistory—theEuropeans’firstsettlementfeaturedwithmountains,valleysandrivers,andcitiesandtownswithhistoricsitestop-rankinguniversitiesHarvardYaleMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)NewENGLANDTheSouthRegionincluding13stateswithplentifulrainfallandamildtowarmclimatefavorableclimateforagriculturefastgrowingindustryandpopulationinrecentyearsgreatsizewithfewlargecitiesNewOrleansMiamiMemphisAtlantaBirminghamAmericanSouthernAreaTheWesternRegionincluding11states,likeWashington,OregonandCalifornia,etc.Oregon--wealthofbeautifulforestsandstreamsCaliforniastrikingnaturalfeatures--centralvalley,highmountains,andhotdrydeserts.notablecities•SanFrancisco•LosAngeles•SanDiego14percentofAmericangrossdomesticproductpredominantagricultureyieldinghigh-techindustrycentreOregon&CaliforniaAlaskanorthwesternpartofAmericaAlaska--glaciers,waterfallsandlakesNativepopulationEskimos--halfofallAlaskaNativesIndiansAleutsmainagricultureoutput—seafoodindustrialoutputs—crudepetroleum,naturalgas,preciousmetals,seafoodprocessing,timber,andtourism,etc.AlaskaHawaiieightmajorislandsabout2575kilometreslongsoutheasttonorthwestmildtemperaturechiefproducts—canesugar,pineapple,andflowersanddairyproducts.coffeebeans,bananas,andmacadamianuts.touristbusiness—largestsourceofincome.HawaiiHawaiiDance3.RiverandLakesTheMississippiRiverthelongestandthemostimportantriverinthesystemoftheGulf.length—6,262kilometersdrainagearea—3,225,000squarekilometers.Knownasthe“fatherofwaters”toAmericanIndiansAsMarkTwainwasraisedontheriver,hismostpopularandimportantwritingsareconcernedwiththisarea．TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinntellsthestoryofhowtheboyHuckleberryFinnandhisblackfriendJim,arunawayslave,saileddowntheMississippionaraft.TheMissouriandtheOhiotwoofthelargesttributariesoftheMississippi.formanimportantinlandnavigationandirrigationsystem.TheHudsonRiverlinkedbycanalswiththefiveGreatLakesflowsthroughthestateofNewYorklength—520kilometers.LakeHuronLakeSuperiorLakeMichiganLakeOntarioLakeErieTheGreatLakesBoundaryBetweenAmericaandCanadaTheGreatLakesThemostimportantsystemofinlandwaterwaysintheworld.LakeMichigan—whollywithintheUnitedStatespartofthenationalboundarybetweentheUnitedStatesandCanadarunsthroughthischainoflakes.NiagaraFalls--locatedontheU.S.–CanadianborderbetweenLakeErieandLakeOntario.ClimateMainlytemperatewithsomemildsubtropicalzoneswithonlythesouthernFloridaandHawaiibeingtropical.50centimeterrainfalllineintheeast—comparativelymorerain,soeasyagriculture;inthewest—muchlessrain(lessthan50cm.ayear)withtheexceptionofthecoastalareasalongthePacific.NaturalResourcesrichinmineralresourcesamongthecountrieswiththegreatestreservesofcoal,ironoreandoil.aboundsinlead,copper,zinc,aluminum,phosphaterock,silver,andgold.onefourthoftheterritory—coveredwithforestswhichmainlyconcentrateuponthreeareas:•theareaalongthenorthwesterncoastofthePacific•theareainthesouth•theareainthenorthrichinoil—oncethelargestoilproducingcountry.oilreserve—alongthecoastoftheGulfofMexico,Texas,Louisiana,andOklahoma.EnergycrisisGulfWarfoughtinearly1991betweenIraqandacoalitionof39countriesorganizedbytheU.S.,mostofwhichrelyonKuwaitandSaudiArabiaasprimarysourceofpetroleum.MajorCitiesWhentalkingaboutAmerica,isthereanycitythatyouarefamiliarwith?Andwhy?Tips:NewYork—commercialandfinancialcenteroftheUnitedStatesWashingtonD.C.—seatofthefederalgovernmentLosAngles—secondlargestcityChicago—thewindycitySeattle;Phila