定语从句之介词加关系代词

定语从句之介词加关系代词在中学英语课本中出现了许多介词+关系代词构成的从句或动词不定式充当后置定语的结构。在此结构中，介词有很多，但关系代词最常见的是：which，whom，whose等。Which指物，whom指人，whose既指人又指物。那介词又是根据什么来确定的呢？介词主要是根据先行词（名词或代词）或从句中的谓语动词或固定搭配来确定的。下面简要列举中学课本中常见的介词+关系代词结构，以供同学们在复习时参考。1．介词+which表时间、地点或原因，代替关系副词when、where、why：1）Istillrememberthedayonwhich（=when）IwenttoBeijing.2）Thefactoryinwhich（=where）Iworkisalargeone.3)Thisisthereasonforwhich(=why)hewaslateforschool.2.介词词组+关系代词(which指物,whom指人),表示存在关系。关系分句中须主谓倒置。1）Theyarrivedatafarmhouse，infrontofwhichsatanoldman.2）Isawawoman，ontheheadofwhomstoodabird.3．不定代词或数词+介词ofwhich(指物),whom(指人),说明整体中的部分关系.1)Chinahasmanyislands,oneofwhichisTaiwan.2)Thereareagreatmanystudentshere,noneofwhomlikethefilm.3)Hehasfivechildren,allofwhomarePartymembers.4)Thoseforeignteachers,mostofwhomhaveneverbeentoChinabefore,areenjoyingtheirworkhereverymuch.5)TherearemanykindsofbirdsinAustralia,andover140speciesofsnakes,manyofwhichareextremelydangerous.4.介词+which(指物),whom(指人),作分句中的目的、方式、地点状语等。这种结构中的介词一般为动词所支配。1）Couldyoutellmethemanforwhomyouhaveboughtthiscoat?2)Hebuiltatransparentwallthroughwhichhecouldobservewhatwentoninside.3)Theman,fromwhomIlearnedthenews,isanengineer.5.介词by+which(指物),whom(指人),在被动结构中表明动作的发出者.1）Thewolfbywhichthesheepwaskilledwasshot.2)Themanbywhomthewolfwasshotisagoodhunter.6.ofwhich代替whose，指物，用作分句中的后置定语。1）Isawsometrees，theleavesofwhich（=whoseleaves）wereblackwithdisease。2）Hementionedabook，thetitleofwhich（=whosetitle）Ihaveforgotten。7．介词+which（指物），whose（指人），作前置定语，修饰后面的中心词。1）Itrainedallnightandallday，duringwhichtimetheshipbrokeintopieces。2）Thedriverwasthemanfromwhoseroomshehadstolenthemap。8．介词+which+动词不定式。1）Shehadonly1.87dollarswithwhichtobuyJimapresent。（=tobuyJimapresent）2）Atlasttherewassomethingaboutwhichtowritehome。（=towritehomeabout）介词的选用：(1)从先行词跟介词的搭配习惯出发。如：Infrontofmyhouse,thereisatree,inwhichsomebirdsaresinging.我的房子前有一棵树，鸟儿正在树上唱歌。(在树上一般用介词in)(2)从定语从句中的动词、形容词对介词的习惯要求出发。如：ThecomputerforwhichIpaid5,000yuanismadeinShenzhen.我花了五千元所买的这台电脑使深圳造的。(pay与for搭配)(3)从先行词、定语从句中的动词或形容词两方面同时考虑出发。如：Doyouknowthegirlwithwhomthemantalkedjustnow?你认识跟那个男谈话的女孩吗？(talk究竟接to,with还是接about,这该由动词及现行词一起决定)(4)复合介词+关系代词。如：Godownthisroad,attheendofwhichyoucanseeahighbuildinganditisourofficebuilding.沿着条路走，在路的尽头你会看到一座高大的建筑，那就是我们的办公大楼。(5)名词+介词+关系代词。如：Hehasthreechildren,oneofwhosechildrenisstudyingabroadnow.他又三个小孩，其中一个在国外读书。注意：当定语从句的动词与介词是不可分割的固定搭配时，介词不能放到关系代词之前。如：Shehasalittledaughter,whoislookedafterbyhergrandma.就不能写成：Shehasalittledaughter,afterwhomislookedbyhergrandma.因为，lookafter是不可分开的固定短语强化练习：1．Agoodadoftenuseswords_____peopleattachpositivemeanings。A．inwhichBtowhichC。forwhichonwhich2．DrCurtisWelchdiscoveredthatsomechildrenhadaterribledisease_____hehadnomedicine。A．bywhichB。onwhichC。forwhichD。towhich3．ThereweretwopossessionsoftheJamesDillinghamYoungs______theybothtookgreatpride。A．inwhichB。forwhichC。ofwhichD。onwhichCBA4.Doyouknowthereason______hedidn’tcomehere?A.ofitB.foritC.whichD.forwhich5.Thebook,thecover,______isbroken,isnotmine.A.ofitB.foritC.inwhereD.ofwhich6.Haveyoufoundthecave_______thebearishibernating?A.forthatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.ofwhichDDB7.Iusedtoliveinahouse,_______grewatalltree.A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhichC.inthefrontofwhichD.inthefrontofit8．Thebosspaidus10dollarsforwashingtencars，_____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleasthalfayear.A.mostoftheseB.mostofthemC.mostofthatD.mostofwhich9.Doyouknowtheman_______Ishookhands?A.withwhichB.forwhomC.towhomD.withwhomBBD11.Iliketheway______hetalksandlaughs.A.whichB.whenC.inwhichD.forwhich12.Thesearethetools______towork.A.withthemB.bytheseC.bywhichD.withwhich13．Inthenewcitytherewasn‘tasingleperson_____thepoorboycouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhomDCD14．ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity，_____shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.A.afterthatB.fromwhichC.fromthatD.afterwhich15.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.A.ofwhomtheB.whomC.ofwhoseD.the16.Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop______toproducetheworksofhisownhands.A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.howADB17.Ihavemanyfriends,some_____arebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom18.Myaunt,_______lifewashard,earnedlittlemoney.A.forwhoseB.forwhichC.forwhoD.forwhomDD