英汉翻译之增词法

Amplification增词法教学内容：1.适当增添的必要性2.增词法在英汉翻译中的运用Warming-upActivityReadthepassage“TwoBills”anddiscussingroupshowtotranslatetheunderlinedsentences.TwoBillsWhenBillClintonandBillGatesplayedgolfonMartha’sVineyardafewyearsago,theydidn’tclick.ThePresidentgaveGatesaheavydoseoftheClintontreatment,oozingcharmandseekingemotionalcommongroundinthefactthatbothhadrecentlylosttheirmothers.ClintonmusthavebeendisappointedbythecoolresponseofGates,whosawthesubjectasundulypersonal.Gates,forhispart,wasputoffthatClintondidn’tengagehimonhisfavoritetopic,technology.Whenthegolfingended,thetwomenwenttheirseparateways.Gatesdidn’ttakesidesintheClinton-Doleelectionacoupleofyearslater.ClintonlethisJusticeDepartmentpursueapotentiallydevastatingantitrustlawsuitagainstMicrosoft.It’snothardtoseewhythesetwolarger-than-lifefigures—oneistheworld’smostpowerfulman,theotheristherichest—didn’tbecomefastfriends:thetwoBillsareasdifferentasthetwoendsofthebaby-boomgenerationtheyrepresent.Clinton,whoenteredcollegein1964,isdrippingwithSixtiesvalues:aJohnF.Kennedy-stylebeliefinpublicserviceasacalling;anAge-of-Aquariusfocusonemotionalconnection;andacounterculturalstreakofsex,drugs,androck‘n’roll.Gates,whocameofageinthe1970s,hasaWatergate-yeardetachmentfrompolitics,amind-setmoreme-generationthan“love-in”,andapassionforthegreatrevolutionaryforceofhisowndecade:thepersonalcomputer.ButClintonandGatesareremarkablyalikeinotherways,particularlyintheirflaws.Bothhavealmostlimitlessdriveandself-absorptionandawillingnesstopushtherulestotheedge—orpassit—togetwhattheywant.Whencalledtoaccount,bothhavebeendismissiveofthelegalprocessandhavehadastrainedrelationshipwiththetruth.Thesequalitieshavelandedbothmeninsimilarbinds:Clintoniswaitingtohearifhewillberemovedfromoffice;GatesisfendingofftheJusticeDepartment’sefforttoreinin,orevencarveup,Microsoft.Theirflawswilltakecenterstagethisweek,asbothmenmountdefensesintheirrespectivetrials.Bothmenfoundtheircallingsearly.ClintonwaselectedasenatoratBoysNationat16.OnaWashingtonfieldtripthatyear,heshookhandswithPresidentKennedy—anironicmomentcapturedinaphoto.AfterYaleLawSchoolandaRhodesScholarship,Clinton,at32,becamegovernorofArkansas.Thesingle-mindedrisetopoliticalpowerisatimelessstory,butClinton’scamewiththedistinctivetrappingsofhisera:thescruffybeardandantiwarprotestswhileatOxford,theexperimentwithpot,thecivilrightsmovementsensibilityandthefeministwifewhokepthername—atleastinitially.ThePresidentgaveGatesaheavydoseoftheClintontreatment,oozingcharmandseekingemotionalcommongroundinthefactthatbothhadrecentlylosttheirmothers.ClintonlethisJusticeDepartmentpursueapotentiallydevastatingantitrustlawsuitagainstMicrosoft.克林顿总统以自己惯用的热烈的待人接物方式对待盖茨，满脸魅力、笑容可掬。因为两人都新近丧母，所以他满以为能在两人之间找到共同语言。克林顿则听任司法部对微软公司提出反垄断诉讼—这对微软公司可能会是一场毁灭性的打击。WarmingupActivitythetwoBillsareasdifferentasthetwoendsofthebaby-boomgenerationtheyrepresentGates,whocameofageinthe1970s,hasaWatergate-yeardetachmentfrompolitics,amind-setmoreme-generationthan“love-in”.两个比尔禀性大不一样，他们分别代表了战后生育高峰首尾两端出生的这两类人。盖茨20世纪70年代长大成人，具有“水门事件”年代的人对政治冷漠超然的特点，其心态更接近“唯我的一代”，而不是“颓废派”。WarmingupActivityWhencalledtoaccount,bothhavebeendismissiveofthelegalprocessandhavehadastrainedrelationshipwiththetruth.Thesingle-mindedrisetopoliticalpowerisatimelessstory,butClinton’scamewiththedistinctivetrappingsofhisera.当要求他们对自己的所作所为进行解释时，两人都蔑视法律程序，欲盖弥彰。一心从政而最终把握大权，这是一个永恒的话题。然而，克林顿的平步青云则明显地带有当时那个时代的印记。WarmingupActivityReflection:Howdidyoutranslatetheitalicizedpartsintheprevioussentences?Whatdidyouneedtodotomakeyourtranslationconveytheoriginalmeaningandmeanwhilereadsmoothly?Whattechniquedidyouuseintranslatingthem?Whyisitsometimesnecessaryforatranslatortoaddsomewordswhentranslating?WarmingupActivityAsamatterofprinciple,atranslatorisnotsupposedtoaddanymeaningtoorsubtractanymeaningfromtheoriginalwork.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatatranslatorshouldrefrainfromsupplyingnecessarywordsoromittingunnecessarywordsintranslationtomakeherversionbothaccurateinmeaningandconsistentwiththeidiomaticuseofthetargetlanguage.TheNecessityofAmplificationAmplificationAmplification,alsocalledaddition,meanssupplyingnecessarywordsinourtranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.Weresorttoamplificationforthepurposeof“faithfulrepresentation”ofthethoughtoftheauthorbecauseEnglishandChineseareentirelydifferentlanguagesandeachhasitsownhistoricalandculturalbackgroundAmplificationBesides,manyideas,idiomaticexpressionsandshorthandwords,etc.thatarewellunderstoodinthecountryoftheirorigincanhardlymakesensetoforeigners.Therefore,itisunimaginableforatranslatortosticktotheoriginalpatternwithoutalteration.Forexample,thetranslationoftheword“wash”:Marywashesbeforemeals.Marywashesbeforegoingtobed.Marywashesaftergettingup.Marywashesforaliving.Marywashesinarestaurant.玛丽饭前洗手。玛丽睡前洗漱。玛丽靠洗衣为生。玛丽在饭店当洗碗工。玛丽起床后洗漱。出于结构需要而增词为了明确语义而增词英译汉时增词主要有以下三种情况：出于修辞需要而增词Ⅰ.AmplificationinEnglish-ChineseTranslation增词法在英汉翻译中的运用I.为了明确语义而增词为了表达清晰和自然，翻译时可能需要根据具体情况增加合适的译语词汇，包括动词、形容词、副词、名词、量词、语气词、概括词以及承上启下的词等等。I.为了明确语义而增词1.SupplyingWordstoMakeConceptsClear英译汉时，按照汉语的习惯，有时需要将抽象名词