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TheNameofMarkTwain◆Twain'srealnamewasSamuelClemens.MarkTwain,whichmeanswatermarktwo,wasacallusedbysailorsontheMississippitowarnshipmatesthattheywerecomingintoshallowwater.MarkTwain(1835-1910)◆MarkTwainwasagreatAmericanwriter,andhewasalsoafamousspeaker.◆SamuelLanghorneClemens(MarkTwain)wasborninFloridaandhewasnotahealthybaby.Infact,hewasnotexpectedtolivethroughthefirstwinter.Butwithhismother'stendercare,hemanagedtosurvive.Asaboy,hecausedmuchtroubleforhisparents.Heusedtoplayjokesonallofhisfriendsandneighbors.Hedidn'tliketogotoschool,andheconstantlyranawayfromhome.Earlylifeexperience◆BorninalittletowninMississippi◆At11,helosthisfather◆At13,hestoppedschooling◆Trampprinter◆SteamboatpilotontheMississippi◆Confederateguerrilla◆Prospector◆Reporteronthefarwesternfrontier◆TravelerabroadHisMarriageAt34yearsoldhemarriedOliviaLangdonClemens,daughterofaNewYorkcoalmagnate,amemberofthecountry’swealthyelite.Shewouldbepartner,editor,andfellowtravelerinsuccessandfailureforthenextthirty-fiveyears.InHisMiddleAgesBy1900TwainhadbecomeAmerica’sforemostcelebrity.Hewasinvitedtoattendshiplaunchings,anniversarygatherings,politicalconventions,andcountlessdinners.Reportersmethimateveryportofcall,anxioustoprintanewquipfromthefamoushumorist.Toenhancehisimage,hetooktowearingwhitesuitsandlovedtostrolldownthestreetandseepeoplestaringathim.HisLaterLifeTherearemanytragiceventsinhislaterlife:thefailureofhisinvestments,hisfatiguingtravelsandlecturesinordertopayoffhisdebts,andaddedtothis,thedeathofhiswifeandtwodaughterswhichlefthimabsolutelyinconsolable.Somecriticslinkthesetragiceventswiththechangeofstyleinhislaterworks,fromanoptimistandhumoristtoanalmostdespairingdeterminist.HisDeathMarkTwaindiedofillnessonApril21,1910.Whenhepassedaway,newspapersaroundthecountrydeclared,“Thewholeworldismourning.”Bythen,SamClemenshadlongsinceceasedtobeaprivatecitizen.HehadbecomeMarkTwain,aproudpossessionoftheAmericannation.MarkTwainandtheMississippi◆MarkTwainlovedthegreatriversomuchthathealwayswentinthedirectionofthenearbyMississippi.ManyofhisgreatworksaresetinthebackgroundoftheMississippiRiver,suchasTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,TheAdventuresofTomSawyer,andLifeontheMississippi.SamuelClemens’MajorWorks◆TheGildedAge《镀金时代》writtenincollaborationwithCharlesDudleyWarner◆LifeontheMississippi《密西西比河上》◆AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur’sCourt《亚瑟王朝里的康涅狄格州美国佬》◆TheManThatCorruptedHardleybug《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》◆TheMysteriousStranger《神秘的陌生人》◆Autobiography◆Theseworkscontainbitterattacksonthehumanrace◆TheInnocentsAbroad«傻子国外旅行记»◆RoughingIt《艰难岁月》◆Pudd'nheadWilson《傻瓜维尔逊》◆ThePrinceandthePauper《王子与贫民》◆AmericanClaimant《美国申请人》MarkTwain’sWritingFeatures1.localcolourrepresentedsociallifethroughportraitsoflocalplaceswhichheknewbestdrewfromhisownrichfundofknowledgeofpeopleandplacestalltales(highlyexaggerated)atextureofmostlocalcolorliterature，akinkofhumor◆2.Literatureisanartoflanguage.MarkTwain’slanguageisartisticandlikeasharpweaponwithoutdoubt.MarkTwainisfamousforhishumorandsatire.◆Heusedtheartisticstyleofhyperbole（夸张法）onthebasisofthewesterntraditionalhumorandmadehiswritingfullofallegoriesthatlaybehindthehumor.MarkTwain’sWritingFeatures◆3.Heusedalotofcolloquialidiomsandcolloquialsyntax.amasteroflanguageshortconcretedirectineffectsimple,evenungrammaticalsentence&structureswordsheusedcolloquiallanguage,vernacularlanguage,dialectsAmericandialectanAmericanlanguageMarkTwain’sWritingFeatures◆4.Heoftendescribedpersonswhowasinnocent,simple,naive,andignorantashisheroesorheroines.MarkTwain’sWritingFeaturesMarkTwain’sLifeandWriting:MarkTwainisagreatliterarygiantofAmerica,whomH.L.Menckenconsidered“thetruefatherofournationalliterature.”WithworkslikeAdventureofHuckleberryFinn《哈克贝利芬历险记》(1884)andLifeontheMississippi《密西西比河上的生活》(1883)Twainshapedtheworld’sviewofAmericaandmadeamoreextensivecombinationofAmericanfolkhumorandseriousliteraturethanpreviouswritershadeverdone.MarkTwain,PennameofSamuelLanghorneClemens,wasbornonNovember30,1835,inMissouri,andgrewupintherivertownofHannibal.Afterhisfatherdied,hebegantoseekhisownfortune.Heonceworkedasajourneymanprinter,asteamboatpilot,anewspapercolumnistandasalecturer.Twain'swritingtooktheformofhumorousjournalismofthetime,anditenabledhimtomasterthetechniqueofnarration.TwainasaLocalColoristTwainisalsoknownasalocalcolorist,whopreferredtopresentsociallifethroughportraitsofthelocalcharactersofhisregions,includingpeoplelivinginthatarea,thelandscape,andotherpeculiaritieslikethecustoms,dialects,costumesandsoon.Consequently,therichmaterialofhisboyhoodexperienceontheMississippibecametheendlessresourcesforhisfiction,andtheMississippivalleyandtheWestbecamehismajortheme.UnlikeJamesandHowells,MarkTwainwroteaboutthelower-classpeople,becausetheywerethepeopleheknewsowellandtheirlifewastheonehehimselfhadlived.Moreoverhesuccessfullyusedlocalcolorandhistoricalsettingstoillustrateandshedlightonthecontemporarysociety.Twain’sUseofVernacularAnotherfactthatmadeTwainuniqueishismagicpowerwithlanguage,hisuseofvernacular.Hiswordsarecolloquial,concreteanddirectineffect,andhissentencestructuresaresimple,evenung