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上海培佳双语学校中学部学生学案集八年级英语UnitSevenNobodywins(II)【单词和短语】1.开始打鼾_________________2.从……逃脱_________________3.打断某人的话_________________4.融化栅栏_________________5.吸引某物_________________6.袭击我_________________7.确信_________________8.完蛋了_________________9.不要惶恐_________________10.除了一个人影_________________【同义词互换】1.escape=runaway2.damage=destroy3.silly=stupid=foolish4.playatrickonsb.=makefunofsb.5.eventually=lastly=intheend=atlast=finally6.atatime=everytime7.immediately=atonce=rightnow=rightaway=innotimeTheyescapedthejailatmidnight,butsoontheywereagainAof;catchedBfrom;catchedCof;caughtDfrom;caughtWhenhesawhismother,hestoppedcryingimmediately.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwords?AatonceBoncemoreCjustnowDslowly【补充词汇、短语、句型、知识点】1.Afterhissupperofkangaroosoup,Gorklaydownonhisbedandalmostimmediatelyfellasleep.晚餐吃过袋鼠汤后,格克躺在床上,几乎立刻就睡着了。liedown是“躺下”的意思。lie这个词是个多义词。它可以解释为“躺,卧”,此时是个不规则动词,过去式为lay,过去分词为lain;还可以解释为“说谎”,此时是个规则动词,过去式和过去分词均为lied。它的现在分词形式为lying。此外,它还可以作名词,意为“谎话”,“谎言”。gotobed,gotosleep与fallasleep的意思颇为相近,区别简述如下:上海培佳双语学校中学部学生学案集八年级英语gotobed表示“去睡觉”。gotosleep与fallasleep同义,都表示“入睡”、“睡着”。2.Becauseitwasinaplasticcase,themagnetcouldnotattractit.因为它被装在塑料盒子里,所以磁铁没能将它吸走。动词attract是“吸引”的意思。如:Lastnight’sconcertwasabletoattractabigcrowd.昨晚的音乐吸引很多人。Attracta.吸引人的;引人入胜的。attractionn.吸引力;吸引人的事物。3.Iaimedthetorchathiseyeandpressedthebutton.Thelaserbeamhittheeye.Theeyewentout.我将激光电筒对准他的眼睛。激光束射中了他的眼睛,他的眼睛就这样瞎了。aim…at…是“将……对准……”的意思。如:aimapistolatsb.把手枪瞄准某人。goout是“熄灭”,“瞎掉”,“失明”的意思。如:Hereyeswentoutbecauseofanaccident.他的双眼因为一起事故而失明。Thewindblewandthecandlewentout.风吹起来了,蜡烛熄灭了。4.Bythistime,Ihadjoinedmycrewamongthekangaroos.这时,我已经和我的队员们一样躲在袋鼠中间了。本例是过去完成时的句子。Bythistime是“到这时为止”的意思,“by+过去某一点的时间”可以表示“到……为止”的意思,常常用于过去完成时中。过去完成时表现的是在过去的某个时刻之前已经完成的事物或行为。在上句中,thistime指的是“到格克的朋友门认为他是在做恶梦的时候”。从句子中看,他们完成组织工作是在这个事件之前,由于这个事件已经是在过去,而组织工作的完成是发生在“过去的过去”,因而要使用过去完成时。过去完成时的基本结构是“助动词had+动词的过去分词”。又如:Bytheendoflastyear,theboyhadalreadylearned3,000Englishwords.到去年为止,这个男孩已经学会了3000个英语单词。5.“Don’tpanic,Peters,”Isaid,“wecan’tgetoutonthekangaroosbutwecangetoutthem…”“不要害怕,彼得斯,”我知道,“我们不能骑在袋鼠身上出去,但可以躲在袋鼠身体了里出去啊……”panic是动词,意为“害怕”、“惊恐”,近义词为fear(害怕,畏惧)。如Thecrowdpanickedatthesoundoftheguns.枪炮声使群众惊慌失措。6.Astheyhoppedthroughthenarrowopening,oneatatime,hefelttheirbackswithhishands上海培佳双语学校中学部学生学案集八年级英语tomakesurewewerenotonthem.当他们(袋鼠们)一次一只从狭窄的门缝跳出去的时候,他就会用手抚摸他们的背脊,确定我们不在上面。Opening为名词,意为“口,孔,缝,洞”。是由动词open派生而来。Oneatatime在这里表示“一次一只”的意思。这种类似的表达方式还有:Theboyranupstairs,threestepsatatime.这个男孩一路跑上楼去,一步三级。Makesure是“确定”,“确信”的意思,后面常常加从句,如:youmustmakesurethatthelecturerwillcomeontime.你必须确定那位演说家会准时到达。Sure和certain的意思中都含“确信的”的意思。Sure强调“主观上确信无疑”,如:I’msureyoudon’tmeanit.我相信你是无意的。Certain指“有充分根据或理由而相信的”,如:thislettermademecertainofhisinnocence.这封信使我相信他是无辜的。7.Maybehe’sstillinhiscave---lookingforNobody.可能他还在山洞里继续找着他的“无人”吧。副词maybe与perhaps和possibly意思相近,即“大概,或许”又如:It’scloudingup.Maybeit’llrainthisafternoon.天阴了,今天下午也许有雨。8.Everyonelaughedexceptafigureinthecaptain’sgarden.所有人都笑了,除了船长家花园里的一个人影。figure是个多义词,在本文中意为“人影,人形”在Chapter4中,我们也学习过figure,它还可以用来表示“数字”。【Revision】【词性互换】1.free(a.)–freely(ad.)–freedom(n.)2.safe(a.)–safety(n.)–safely(ad)3.panic(v.)–panicked(adj)4.die(v.)–death(n.)---dead(adj.)5.silent(a.)–silence(n.)–silently(ad.)Firemenbrokeintotheburninghouseandledthechildrenoutto______.(safe)上海培佳双语学校中学部学生学案集八年级英语Look,ahugefigureismovingtowardsourbuilding.(silent)Theboywasbytheburglarandcried.(panic)Thedriverturnedthewheeltoavoidalargerockthatahead.(lying)Thoseplantswillbeifyoudon’twaterthemsoon.(die)【阅读练习】(A)Aslateas1800,women’sonlyplacewasinthehome.Theideaofwomeninthebusinessworldwasunthinkable.No“nice”womanwoulddreamofenteringwhatwasa“man’sworld.”Evenifshecould,whatwouldshedo?Menweresurethatnowomancoulddoajoboutsideherhome.ThiswassuchawidelyacceptedideathatwhenthefamousBrontësistersbeganwritingbooksin1846,theyhadtosigntheirbookswithmen’snames.Teachingwasthefirstprofessionopentowomensoonafter1800.Butthatwasstillnotaneasyprofessionforwomentoenterbecausemosthighschoolsandcollegeswereopenonlytomen.OberlinCollegeinOhiowasthefirstcollegeinAmericatoacceptwomen.Hospitalnursingbecamerespectable(高尚的)workforwomenonlyafterFlorenceNightingalebecamefamous.Becauseshewasarichandeducatedwoman,aswellasanurse,peoplebegantobelieveitwaspossibleforwomentonursethesickandstillbe“ladies.”MissNightingaleopenedEngland’sfirsttrainingschoolfornursesin1860.By1900,thousandsofwomenwereworkingatrealjobsinschools,hospitals,andofficesinbothEnglandandAmerica.Somewomenevenbecamedoctorsorlawyers.Theideathat“nice”womencouldworkinthebusinessworldhadbeenreallyaccepted.Answerthequestions(根据短文内容回答下列问题):1.Aslateas1800,whatideawaswidelyaccepted?______________________________________________________2.HowdidthefamousBrontësisterssignthemselvesintheirbooksin1846?______________________________________________________3.Wasiteasyforwomentofindjobsasbeingteachersinthehighschoolssoonafter1800?________________________________________________________4.WhatdidpeoplebelieveafterFlorenceNightingalebecamefamous?上海培佳双语学校中学部学生学案集八年级英语____________________________________________________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