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Copyright2004-2009版权所有盗版必究高考英语语法专题复习系列课件直接引语与间接引语引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。直接引语变成间接引语1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that引导。Shesaid,“Iamveryhappytohelpyou.”→Shesaidthatshewasveryhappytohelpyou.2.直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if引导。Heaskedme,“Doyoulikeplayingfootball?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball.注意：大多数情况下，if和whether可以互换，但后有ornot,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如：Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddoitornot.Hehesitatedaboutwhethertodriveortakethetrain.3.直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。Mysisteraskedme,“Howdoyoulikethefilm?”→MysisteraskedmehowIlikedthefilm.4.直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定式前加tell,ask,order等的宾语。Thecaptainordered,“Bequiet.”→Thecaptainorderedustobequiet.注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。Myteacheraskedme,“Don’tlaugh.”→Myteacheraskedmenottolaugh.直接引语变成间接引语5.一些注意事项(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如：Theytoldtheirson,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”→Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun.(2)直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如：this/that→these/those,now→then,today→thatday,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastyear→theyearbefore,ago→before,here→there等。例如：Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenhertoday.”→Hesaidthathehadn’tseenherthatday.直接引语变成间接引语5.一些注意事项注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如：HeaskedLucy,“Wheredidyougo?”→HeaskedLucywhereshewent.Tomsaid,“Whatdoyouwant,Ann?”→TomaskedAnnwhatshewanted.直接引语和间接引语例析：1.“SpeakEnglishmoreofteninandoutofclass,”ourEnglishteachersaidtous.OurEnglishteachersuggestedustospeakEnglishmoreofteninandoutofclass.(误)OurEnglishteachertold/askedustospeakEnglishmoreofteninandoutofclass.(正)OurEnglishteachersuggestedthatwe(should)speakEnglishmoreofteninandoutofclass.(正)简析：直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据语气需要使用ask,tell,order等动词，其句型是：ask/tell/ordersomeonetodosth.，但是suggest不能接不定式作宾补，只能接ing形式或从句(从句用虚拟语气)作宾语。2.“Don’tplayfootballonthestreet,littleboys,”thepolicemansaid.Thepolicemantoldthelittleboysdidnotplayfootballonthestreet.(误)Thepolicemantoldthelittleboysnottoplayfootballonthestreet.(正)简析：如果直接引语是祈使句的否定式，变为间接引语时，要将其改为不定式的否定形式作宾补，不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not，而不是加donot,doesnot,didnot等。3.“Wouldyoupleasedomethefavortocarrytheboxupstairs?”theyoungwomansaidtome.Theyoungwomanorderedmetocarrytheboxupstairsforher.(误)Theyoungwomanaskedmetocarrytheboxupstairsforher.(正)简析：直接引语是一些表示请求、建议的疑问句，变为间接引语时，也变为不定式作宾语补足语。需要注意的是应根据原句的语气选用恰当的动词。因为此处原来的疑问句用的是很客气的语气，改写后不宜用order。4.“Youcleantheclassroomafterclasstoday,Tom,”saidthemonitor.ThemonitorsaidthatTomcleanedtheclassroomafterclassthatday.(误)ThemonitortoldTomtocleantheclassroomafterclassthatday.(正)简析：一般而言，祈使句是以动词原形开头的，但是如果说话人有意强调动作执行者，也可以在句首加上主语。我们在将其变为间接引语时不能将带有主语的祈使句与陈述句混淆起来。1.Hesaid:“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.2.Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.3.ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.4.Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwasmineorhis.5.Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?”TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.直接引语变间接引语练习题6.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.7.Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.8.Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.9.Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”Myfathersaidpracticemakesperfect.10.Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.11.Hesaid,“Wearestillstudents.”Hesaidtheyarestillstudents.12.Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.”Hesaidtheyarestillstudents.13.Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”Theengineersaidhewasatcollegein1967.14.Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”HesaidhehadstudiedEnglishsincehewasaboy.15.Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.”Shesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshewaswaitingforabus.16.Mr.Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.”Mr.GreentoldthemJoehadtoldhimallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.17.Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately.”Hesaidthey(had)insistedthatshestartimmediately.18.Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.”Shesaidhedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.19.Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”ItoldhimIhadfinishedit.20.Shesaidtous,“I’llcomeheretomorrow.”Shetoldusshewouldcomeheretomorrow.21.“Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?”theyoungmanasked.TheyoungmanaskedKarenwhereherchemistryteacherlived.22.“Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,”thelittleboysaidhappily.Thelittleboysaidhappilythathehadgainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition.23.“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.Thephysicsteachertoldtheboysandgirlsthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.24.“Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?”Maryaskedme.Maryaskedmeif/whetherIwouldgototheconcertwithherthatevening.25.“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?”theoldmanaskedmybrother.Theoldmanaskedmybrotherwhathehaddonetherethedaybefore.