6British Education System

TheUK---BritishEducationSystemPartIWarm-upquestions1.WhicharethetwomostimportantandfamousuniversitiesinBritain?OxfordandCambridge2.WhichgovernmentdepartmentisparticularlyinchargeofeducationintheU.K.?TheDepartmentforEducation3.IstheBritisheducationsystemrunbythestateortheprivatesector?bythestate4.Atwhatagearechildrenlegallyobligedtoattendschool?attheageof55.WheredoBritishuniversitiesreceivetheirfundsbesidesstudentstuition?fromcentralgovernmentPartIIFocalPoints1.ThepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystem(英国教育体制的目的)2.Therelationshipbetweeneducationandsocialclass(教育与社会等级之间的关系)3.Theinfluenceofthechurchonschooling(教会对于学校教育的影响)4.The1944EducationAct(1944年的教育法)5.Comprehensiveschool{(招收学生时不分资质的)综合中学}6.Grammarschool(文法学校)7.TheNationalCurriculum(全国教学大纲)8.publicschool{(英国的)私立中学}9.GCSE---GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(中学毕业证书)10.GCE-A---GeneralCertificateofEducation---Advanced(高级水平测试结业证书)11.GNVQs---GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications(国家专业资格证书)12.OldUniversities(古老的大学)13.OpenUniversity(开放大学)abolishvt.取消；废除accessn.途径adhoca.特别的；专门的aristocraticadj.贵族的arithmeticn.算术canevt.手杖；苔杖compulsoryadj.义务的；必修的controversialadj.有争议的corporaladj.肉体的corporalpunishment体罚creedn.宗教信仰curriculumn.课程dissuadevt.劝阻；劝戒eliten.社会精英erasevt.消除evacuatevt.腾空；腾出executiven.行政人员expendituren.经费；开销PartIIIWords&Expressionsfacilitiesn.设备；设施guaranteevt.保证；担保hymnn.圣歌；赞歌initiativen.第一步；着手integraladj.完全的；缺一不可的Islamicadj.伊斯兰教的launchvi.开始literacyn.识字；有学问onanadhocbasis临时权宜地participatevi.参加；参与peersn.同事；伙伴polytechnicsn.工艺学校prayern.祷告者；恳求者proficientadj.熟练的；精通的registervt.登记religionn.宗教；信仰sociologistn.社会学家truancyn.逃学；旷课PartIIIWords&ExpressionsPartIVLanguagePoints“ThethreeR’s”(“reading,’ritingand’rithmetic”)—toprovidechildrenwithliteracyandtheotherbasicskillstheywillneedtobecomeactivemembersofsocietyandalsotosocialisechildren,teachingthemrulesandvaluesneededtobecomegoodcitizens,toparticipateinthecommunity,antocontributetotheeconomicprosperityofanadvancedindustrialeconomy.教授学生3R课程(即读、写、算),为学生积极参与社会提供所需的基本知识和基本技能，同时使学生社会化，教授他们一些成为好公民所应具备的道理规范和价值观，以便能走上社会，为一个发达的工业化国家的经济繁荣作贡献。1.thepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystem2.therelationshipbetweeneducationandsocialclass1)classinequalitycanbeerasedorcontinuedaccordingtoeducationalpolicy.（教育政策可以铲除地位的不平等，也可以使这种不平等继续存在。这说明在英国，是否受到良好教育直接影响到你的社会地位。）2)theschooltieisaclearmarkerofsocialclass校服的领带是社会阶级的一个明显标志*Educationalopportunitiesforworking-classandmiddle-classpeoplecanbeverydifferent.*InBritain,theaccentyouspeakwith,theclothesyouwear,andtheschoolsyouattendareallmarkersthatidentifyyoursocialclass.3)thefamousboys’publicschool(私立中学)：Eton(伊顿公学，位于伦敦以西)andWinchester（温切斯特公学，位于英格兰南部）4)the“right”universities:Oxford(牛津)andCambridge(剑桥)(nicknamed:Oxbridge)*Toattendthe“right”schoolsandthe“right”universitiesisstillthesinglebestwaytoguaranteeasuccessfulcareer.PublicSchools—EtonCollege伊顿公学20PrimeMinisters6ChancellorsofExchequersHenryVI,in1440:toeducatesonsofthepoorforserviceofchurch&stateEtonisaBritishindependentschoolforboysaged13to18.SchoolyardclassroomWinchesterCollegeisanEnglishboys'independentschoolintheBritishpublicschooltradition,setinthecityofWinchesterinHampshire,theancientcapitalofEngland,in1382.PublicSchools—WinchesterCollege温切斯特公学WinchesterCollegeChapelChapelceilingHarrowSchool,commonlyknownsimplyasHarrow,isanEnglishindependentschoolforboysintheBritishpublicschooltraditionsituatedinthetownofHarrow,innorth-westLondon.Harrowhaseducatedboyssince1243butwasofficiallyfoundedin1572.PublicSchools—HarrowSchool哈罗公学Oldschool3.theinfluenceofthechurchonschoolingHistorically,educationwasvoluntaryandmanyoftheschoolsthatexistedweresetupbychurches.TheinfluenceoftheChurchonschoolingisstillstrong:religiouseducationwastheonlysubjectwhichthestateinsistedallschoolsteachtheirpupils.Dailyprayersandsinginghymnsisstillaregularpartofschoollife.Changes:Christianityisnolongertheonlyreligionofficiallyrecognized.Somestate-fundedschoolshaveIslamicreligionastheircreed.*In1989,thegovernmentintroducedaNationalCurriculum(全国教学大纲).Ithasreintroducedcompetitionbetweenschools.4.The1944EducationActThe1944EducationActmadeentrytosecondaryschoolsanduniversities“meritocratic”.Childrenwouldbeadmittedtoschoolsnotbecausetheywereofcertainsocialclassorbecausetheirparentspossessedacertainamountofmoney,butbecauseoftheabilitiestheydisplayed.Allchildrenweregiventherighttoafreesecondaryeducationandthemainconcernwastomakesuremorechildrenhadaccesstoagoodeducation.1944年教育法的颁布使中学和大学都录取才智和能力出众的学生。二次世界大战期间，英国进行了教育改革，1944年颁布了教育法。新的教育法强调平等就学的机会，无论家庭出身如何，父母财富多少，只要有真才实学就可以上中学和大学。所有的孩子都可以免费接受中学教育，主要是为了让更多的孩子有机会接受良好的教育。ThemajorchangesthathavetakenplacetotheBritisheducationsystem:1)Thegovernment’sdecisiontobecomeincreasinglyinvolvedintakingresponsibilityfortheeducationofchildren;2)DuringWWII,thegovernmentbeganplanningtoreconstructtheeducationsystem,whichwouldemphasizeequality;3)Inthe1960s,comprehensiveschoolswereintroducedalloverthecountry,whichendedthedivisionbetweengrammarschoolsandvocationalschools;4)In1976BritisheducationwasthefocusofanewcontroversywhentheLaborpartystarted“theGreatEducationDebate”abou