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密 级： 学校代码：10075 分类号： 学 号：20100008 哲学硕士学位论文 学位申请人：张冠杰指导教师：张燕京教授学位级别：哲学硕士学科专业：马克思主义哲学授予单位：河北大学答辩日期：二〇一三年六月ClassifiedIndex： CODE：10075 U.D.C： NO：20100008 ADissertationfortheDegreeofM.Philosophy OnDescartes’sEpistemology Candidate：ZhangGuanjieSupervisor：Prof.ZhangYanjingAcademicDegreeAppliedfor：MasterofPhilosophySpecialty：MarxistPhilosophyUniversity：HebeiUniversityDateofOralExamination：June，2013 摘 要 I摘要笛卡尔是欧洲近代哲学的创始人之一，是理性主义的开创者，他开创了哲学的新时代。“我思故我在”是笛卡尔哲学的第一原则，是近代哲学的起点。它的提出标志着哲学“自我意识”开始确立，反映在哲学理论上，就是由本体论向认识论转变，奠定了近代以来哲学的发展方向和基本内容。笛卡尔的“天赋观念论”的中心问题是思维如何把握存在的问题，即思维和存在的同一性问题。笛卡尔论述了观念的形式和内容问题，感性知识和理性知识的关系问题，真理的可靠性和知识的普遍必然性等一系列重大的认识论问题。笛卡尔提出了身心二元论思想，为近代心灵哲学奠定了基础。笛卡尔认为，心和身、精神和肉体，是两个完全不同的、可以独立存在的实体。笛卡尔提出的这些重要的认识论思想，在哲学史上具有重大理论意义，导致了近代哲学研究重点由本体论转向认识论，促进了近代西方唯理论思想的发展，奠定了近代心灵哲学的基础。关键词笛卡尔我思天赋观念论身心关系影响Abstract IIAbstractDescartesisoneofthefoundersofmoderneuropeanphilosophy,isthepioneerofrationalism,heopenedaneweraofphilosophy.IthinkthereforeIamisthefirstprinciple,Descartes'philosophyisthestartingpointofmodernphilosophy.Itmarkedself-awarenessinphilosophyestablished,reflectedinthephilosophytheory,whichistheshiftfromontologytoepistemology,laidthemodernphilosophysincethedevelopmentdirectionandthebasiccontent.Descartes'stheoryoftalentconcept,thecenteroftheproblemisthinkinghowtograsptheexistingproblemsandthethinkingandtheproblemsofidentity.Descartesdescribestheconceptofformandcontentproblem,theproblemoftherelationshipbetweentheperceptualknowledgeandrationalknowledge,thereliabilityoftruthandknowledgeofcommonnecessityandaseriesofimportantepistemologicalproblems.Descartesproposedthedualismofbodyandmind,whichlaidafoundationforthemodernphilosophyofmind.Descartesthought,heartandbody,spiritandbody,aretwocompletelydifferent,canbeindependentlyexistingentity.Descartesputforwardtheseimportantthoughtsofepistemology,andhasimportanttheoreticalsignificanceinthehistoryofphilosophy,ledtothemodernphilosophicalresearchfocusfromontologytoepistemology,promotedthedevelopmentofmodernwesternthoughtsofrationalism,andlaidthefoundationofthemodernphilosophyofmind.KeyWordsDescartesIThinkTalentConceptRelationshipofBodyandMindImpact目录 III目录引言·····································································································································1第1章笛卡尔认识论的理论基础·······················································································21.1“我思故我在”命题的提出····························································································21.1.1“我思故我在”命题提出的时代背景·····································································31.1.2“普遍怀疑”的主张·································································································41.1.3通过普遍怀疑得出“我思故我在”命题·································································51.2“我思故我在”命题的内涵和论证················································································61.2.2“我思故我在”命题的内涵·····················································································61.2.3“我思故我在”命题的论证·····················································································71.3“我思故我在”命题在笛卡尔认识论中的地位····························································8第2章笛卡尔认识论的主要内容·····················································································102.1天赋观念论················································································································102.1.1天赋观念论的提出·····························································································102.1.2天赋观念论的基本内容·····················································································122.1.3天赋观念论的理论意义·····················································································142.2身心二元论················································································································152.2.1身心区别的原因·································································································152.2.2身心关系的证明·································································································16第3章笛卡尔认识论的影响·····························································································223.1导致了近代哲学认识论的转向·················································································223.1.1笛卡尔的对认识主体的论证··············································································223.1.2认识主体如何认识存在、把握存在、理解存在··············································243.2促进了近代西方唯理论思想的发展·········································································263.3奠定了近代心灵哲学的基础····················································································27结语·······························································································································29参考文献·····························