Onthemorningof14March2010,apressconferenceoftheThirdSessionoftheEleventhNationalPeople'sCongresswasheldintheGreatHallofthePeople.AttheinvitationofMr.LiZhaoxing,spokesmanoftheNPCSession,Mr.WenJiabao,PremieroftheStateCouncil,metjournalistsfromhomeandabroadandansweredtheirquestions.记者会开始时,温家宝说:记者朋友们,大家好。过去的两年我们是在极其困难条件下走过来的。人民用坚实的步伐走过了不平坦的道路,这将会在历史上留下印迹。今后几年,道路依然不平坦,甚至充满荆棘。我们应该记住这样一条古训:行百里者半九十。不可有任何松懈、麻痹和动摇。PremierWenJiabao'sopeningremarks:Goodmorning,ladiesandgentlemen,friendsofthepress.Underverytoughcircumstances,wehavecoveredaneventfulcourseinthepasttwoyears.TheChinesepeoplehavegonethroughanextraordinaryjourneywithsolidsteps.Itwillleaveanimprintintheannalsofhistory.Theroadaheadisnotasmoothone.Itmaybefulloftwistsandturns.ButWeshouldalwaysrememberthisimportantthing,thatisHalfofthepeoplewhohaveembarkedonthe100journeymayfallbythewayside.Thismeanswemustnotslackenoureffortsintheslightest.Andwemustnotwaverinourresolve.同时我们要坚定信心。华山再高,顶有过路。解决困难唯一的办法、出路和希望,在于我们自己的努力。我深深爱着我的国家。没有一片土地让我这样深情和激动,没有一条河流让我这样沉思和起伏。亦余心之所善兮,虽九死其犹未悔。我将以此明志,做好今后三年的工作。现在我愿意回答大家的问题。Wemustreinforceourconfidence.Nomatterhowhighthemountainis,onecanalwaysascendtoitstop.Inthefaceofvariousdifficulties,ouronlyanswer,onlysolutionandonlyhopelieintheeffortsofourselves.Ihavedeeploveforthiscountry.Iloveeveryinchofitsland.Iloveeveryriverthatflowsonthispeaceofearth,withdeeppassionanddeepaffection.FortheidealthatIholddeartomyheart,I'dnotregretevenathousanddeathstodie.Withthisstrongcommitment,Iwillcontiunetodevotemyselftomyworkinmynextthreeyears.NowI'mreadyforyourquestions.FinancialTimes:Goodmorning,PremierWen.JeftafromFinancialTimes.I'dliketoaskaquestionaboutChina'scurrencypolicy.TheeconomyisnowgrowingverystronglyinChina.You'verecoveredveryquickly.Andtheinflationisnowrisingalmostclosetothe3%targetyousetfortheyear.Soregardlessofpressureandcommentsfromothercountries,isn'titnowinChina'sinteresttobeginappreciatingyourcurrency?Thankyou.英国《金融时报》记者:我想问一个有关中国货币政策的问题。现在中国经济发展速度很快,中国经济迅速实现企稳回升,中国的通货膨胀也在上涨,几乎已经达到了您在政府工作报告中定下的今年通胀保持在3%左右的目标。不管外界给中国什么样的压力或者对中国的货币政策作出什么评论,我想问,让人民币升值难道不是符合中国自身利益的一件事吗?温家宝:第一,我认为人民币的币值没有低估。让我们看一组数据:我们统计了去年37个国家对中国的出口情况,其中有16个国家对中国的出口是增长的。就是欧盟地区,出口总体下降20.3%,但是对中国的出口只下降15.3%(1.53%)。我举一个德国的例子,那就是去年德国对中国的出口多达760亿欧元,创历史最高。美国去年出口下降17%,但是对中国的出口仅下降0.22%。中国已经成为周边国家包括日本、韩国的主要出口市场,也成为欧美的重要出口市场。Premier:FirstIdon'tthinktheRMBhasdepreciated.Let'stakealookatasetoffigureshere.Wedidasurveyofexportsof37countriesintheworldtowardsChinalastyear.Sixteenoutofthe37countriesexportsmoregoodstoChina.TalkingabouttheEuropeanareawherethisjournalistcomesfrom,onthewhole,exportsofEuropeancountrieshavedecreaseby20.3%,yetitsexportstoChinaonlyfellby15.3%(1.53%).Lastyear,Germany'sexportstoChinareached€76billion,reachingahistoricalhigh.Andlastyear,exportsoftheUnitedStatesdroppedby17%,butitsexportstoChinaonlydeclinedby0.22%.Fromthiswecansee,Chinahasbecomeanimportantexportmarketforitsneighboringcountries,includingJapanandtheROK.ItisalsoamajorexportmarketforEuropeancountriesandtheUnitedStates.第二,在国际金融危机爆发和蔓延期间,人民币汇率保持基本稳定对世界经济复苏作出了重要贡献。人民币汇率形成机制改革是从2005年7月份开始的,到现在人民币的币值对美元升值21%,实际有效汇率升值16%。我这里特别强调指出,就是2008年7月到2009年2月,也就是世界经济极为困难的时期,人民币并没有贬值,而实际有效汇率升值14.5%。在这期间,2009年,我们的外贸出口下降了16%,但是进口只降低了11%,顺差减少了1020亿美元。人民币汇率在国际金融危机蔓延中基本稳定,对世界经济复苏起了促进的作用。Second,sincetheoutbreakoftheinternationalfinancialcrisis,wehavemadestrongeffortstokeepRMBexchangerateatastablelevel.Thishasplayedanimportantroleinfacilitatingtherecoveryintheglobaleconomy.WehavestartedtoreformtheRMBexchangerateregimefromJuly2005.AndsincethenRMBhasappreciatedby21%againsttheUSdollar.TherealeffectiveexchangerateofRMBroseby16%.HereIwouldliketopointoutthatbetweenJuly2008andFebruary2009inthemidstofragingeconomiccrisis,theRMBdidnotdevalue.ActuallytherealeffectiveexchangerateofRMBroseby14.5%.In2009,ourexportsdroppedby16%,butourimportsonlydeclinedby11%.AndChina'stradesurplusdeclinedbyUS$102billion.AstableRMBexchangeratelevelinthemidstoftheinternationalfinancialcrisishasplayedanimportantroleinpromotiongarecoveryintheglobaleconomy.第三,一国的汇率是由一国的经济决定的,汇率的变动也是由经济的综合情况决定的。我们主张自由贸易,因为自由贸易不仅使经济像活水一样流动,而且给人们带来福祉与和平。Third,theexchangeratepolicyofacountryisdecidedbythiscountry'seconomicconditions.Anychangeintheexchangeratepolicyisresponsivetotheoverallsituationoftheeconomyofourcountry.Wecallforfreetrade,becauseweareoftheviewthatfreetradewillhelpkeeptheeconomygoingandwillalsobringpeaceandharmonytothepeople.我们反对各国之间相互指责,甚至用强制的办法来迫使一国的汇率升值,因为这样做反而不利于人民币汇率的改革。在贸易问题上,我们主张协商,通过平等协商总会找到共赢或者多赢的渠道。Weareopposedtothepracticeofengaginginmutualfinger-pointingamongcountries,ortakingstrongmeasurestoforceothercountriestoappreciatetheircurrencies,becausethiskindofpracticesisnotintheinterestofthereformoftheRMBexchangerateregime.Ontradeissues,wehavealwaysmaintainedthattradedisputesshouldberesolvedthroughconsultations.Andwebelievethatequalconsultationswillalwaysleadtoawin-winorall-winsolution.第四,人民币将继续坚持以市场供求为目的、有管理的浮动汇率制度,我们将进一步推进人民币汇率形成机制的改革,保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。Fourth,wewillcontinuetoimplementamanaged,market-basedandfloatingexchangerateregime.WewillcontinuetoreformtheRMB