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Paragraphs段落主题句段落•段落是文章的缩影。能写出好的段落就意味着文章成功了一半。•段落是由句子组成的。每个段落都应有明确的主题思想，且只有一个主题。组成段落的所有句子都应为这个主题思想服务。中英文段落的区别（1）•思维模式不同(thoughtpattern)：•中文段落所遵循的原则是螺旋/线型的发展(circularlineofdevelopment)方式。重铺垫，讲渲染，讲究“言归正传”。•英语短文写作最典型而具体地体现为三段中每一段主题思想都是呈直线型发展(straightlineofdevelopment)方式。讲究第一句话“开门见山”，“一语破题”的点题，结论句变向性直接重复，扣题。•换句话说，英文文章表意较直接，直奔主题。多数段落以主题句开端，在文章的开始部分就会阐明主题。中文段落表意较含蓄，多以有关背景开头，逐步诱导，最终点题。即：英文写作是有一般到特殊。先概括后举例，先讲整体轮廓，后说诸多细节。•Generalinformationtospecificdetails•Collegelifeisanimportantstageinourlife.Itisincollegethatwebegintoliveandstudybyourselves.Itisincollegethatwelearntobeindependentofourparents.Itisincollegethatwe,likeNewton,aresearchingforbeautifulshellsonthebeachofknowledge.Meanwhile,itisincollegethatwebecomematuredandfullygrownup,bothphysicallyandmentally.Consequently,weshouldcherishitandmakethemostofit.Examples•96.1CET-4TheTwo-dayWeekend•中文：双休日给大学生带来的好处双休日可能给大学生带来的问题我应如何过好双休日English:Therearemanyadvantagesoftwo-dayweekend.However,two-dayweekendalsobringssomeproblems.Asforme,正，反，合•CET-4Gettingtoknowthesociety•中文：大学生了解社会的必要性了解社会的途径我的打算和做法English:Itisofgreatnecessityforuscollegestudentstohavesocialpractice/gettoknowthesociety.Therearemanydifferentwaystogettoknowthesociety.(meansthroughwhichwecan…)Asacollegestudent,Ishould这种“正反合”的英语思维模式及其行文方式是典型的四六级英语写作的基本框架，也使得四六级短文写作的实际操作更加有章可循。中英文段落的区别（2）•语序不同：中文的表达习惯是把重点信息置于句末，把时间，原因，条件等解释性信息放在句首。•而英语造句习惯正好相反，大多数情况是把状语放在句末或接近句末的地方。即先表态度，后给分析；先下结论，后叙原因。•比起乘坐其它交通工具来，骑自行车更方便。•Ridingbicyclesismoreconvenientthangoingbyothermeansoftransportation.•酒后开车很容易造成车毁人亡的交通事故。•Drivingafterdrinkingisverylikelytocausetrafficaccidentsthatresultinlossofpeople’slivesanddamageofthevehicles.WheninRome,doasRomansdo.AsanEnglishlearner,you’dbetterimitatethewayinwhichnativewritersputtheirthoughtstogetherintowordsandsentencesandtrytomakeyourwritingasacceptable(nativelike)aspossible.段落的构成topicsentencesupportingsentences(developingsentences)concludingsentenceparagraphAnalyzethefollowingwriting•Tobeaneducatedpersonisnoteasy.Firstlyweshouldknowclearlythepurposeofbeingeducated.Secondly,weshouldbediligentandpersistent,tryingourbesttoovercomeallthedifficultiesthatwecomeacross.Lastly,weshouldnotonlyeducateourselves,butalsohelpothersasmuchaspossibletoacquireknowledgeandskills.Generallyspeaking,aneducatedpersonwillhavemoreresponsibilityforhiscountryandthesociety.Topicsentence•主题句又称主旨句或关键句，是一个段落中最重要的句子，是段落的“纲”。说明段落的中心思想和作者的写作目的，是段落发展的依据。•段落的每句话都应紧密地联系主题句所表达的中心内容。•写好主题句是文章成功的关键。(commonpracticeofscoringinCET-4and6)•Computersareplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleinmodernsociety.Theyarewidelyusedinthefieldsofbusiness,industryandtransportation.Theyalsoworkwondersinthemedicalworld/circle,spacetravelaswellasinscientificresearch,bringingaboutfantasticthingsinscienceandtechnology.•Computersarealsoenteringordinaryfamilies.Commonpeopleturntothemforvaluableinformation,studentsusethemtoobtainknowledgeandchildrenplaygamesonthem.Thereseemstobenolimittotheworkthatcomputerscando.主题句的位置•段首，段尾，段中或隐含在段落句子中。•主题句在段首最常见，是四六级考生写作最可靠的写法。主题句位于段首•开门见山，点出主题。•TherearemanywaysthroughwhichwecanimproveourEnglish.First,wecanreadasmanyEnglishbooks,newspapersandmagazinesaspossible.Next,wemaylistentoEnglishprogramsontheradioorwatchEnglishprogramsonTVeveryday.Besides,itisnecessaryforustoseizeeveryopportunitytospeakEnglishbothinandafterclass.Finally,itisequallyimportanttoformthehabitoftakingnotesandkeepingadiaryinEnglish.主题句的写作技巧•Practice:Webenefitalotfromdoingparttimejobs.