搜索
第二部分语法专项突破第八讲定语从句栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句whowhom人人主语、宾语宾语(2014·湖南五市第一次联考)SarahBrightman，whowillflytospacein2015，willbethefirstwomantoflythereinthefieldofmusic.Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关关系代词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句thatwhich人或物主语、宾语表语(不引导非限制性定语从句)①Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.②Idon’tknowtheman(that)youmentioned.物主语、宾语①Thebookwhichyouborrowedyesterdayisreallyinteresting.②ThetrainwhichhasjustleftisforBeijing.栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关关系代词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句whose人或物定语①Doyouknowtheboywhosefather(thefatherofwhom/ofwhomthefather)isanengineer?②Helivesinahousewhosewindows(thewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindows)facesouth.栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关1．(2013·高考福建卷)Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose________liveswereaffected.A．whoseB．thatC．whoD．whichA栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关解析：句意:这本书通过那些生活受到影响的人的视角讲述了地震的故事。根据句意可判断所选连词引导的是定语从句。定语从句中关系词的选择是由关系词在定语从句中所作的成分来决定的。题干中先行词是代词those，表示“那些人”，而在定语从句中缺乏的成分意思应是“那些人的”，所以只有关系代词whose符合题意，whose在定语从句中作定语。关系代词that，who和which在定语从句中只能作主语或宾语。解答这类题目的关键在于分析定语从句中所缺的成分，也就是关系词在定语从句中所作的成分。栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关2．(2013·高考山东卷)Finallyhereachedalonelyisland_____wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A．whenB．whereC．whichD．whom解析：句意：最后他到达了一个完全与外部世界隔绝的孤岛上。句中的先行词alonelyisland在后面的定语从句中作主语,故用which引导。因先行词是地点名词短语alonelyisland，学生很容易误选where来引导定语从句而不去分析先行词在句中所作的成分。C栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关二、that与which，who，whom的用法区别情况用法说明例句只用that的情况(1)先行词为all,Everything,anything,Nothing,little,much等不定代词时;(2)先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时;(3)先行词由形容词最高级和序数词修饰时;(4)先行词既指人又指物时;(5)先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时;(6)句中已经有who或which,为了避免重复时。①Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.②Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.③ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.④Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.⑤HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.⑥Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech？栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关情况用法说明例句只用which,who,whom的情况(1)在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指物，用who/whom指人；(2)在由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，用whom指人；(3)先行词本身是that时，关系词用which，先行词为those，one，he/she时多用who。①Hehasason，whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.②Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.③Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关(2013·高考湖南卷)Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A．whomB．whoC．whatD．which解析：句意：快乐和成功经常会眷顾那些善于欣赏自己优点的人。分析句子成分可知，“________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths”是定语从句，修饰先行词those，从句中缺少主语，故用who引导，所以答案为B。B栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句when(＝at/on/in/duringwhich)where＝(at/inwhich)时间时间状语(2012·高考浙江卷)Weliveinanagewhenmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.地点地点状语(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)WhenIarrived，BryantookmetoseethehousewhereIwouldbestaying.栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关关系副词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句why＝(forwhich)原因原因状语Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)hewaslate.栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关关系副词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句温馨提示(1)theway作先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是inwhich,that或省略；(2)当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。Theway(that/inwhich)heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.(状语)比较：Theway(that/which)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(宾语)栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关关系副词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句温馨提示当先行词是situation,stage,process,activity，case,condition等,且关系词在从句中作状语时,要用关系副词where,作主语、宾语用which或that。①Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.②We’llseeacasewherethemusiccouldcurepeople.先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。OccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关1.(2013·高考北京卷)Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks________animalsandplantscanbeprotected.A．whenB．whichC．whoseD．whereD栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关解析：句意：眼下，许多国家正在建立一些国家公园，动物和植物在那儿可以得到保护。分析结构可知，此处是考查定语从句的引导词，先行词为nationalparks，定语从句中缺少地点状语，要用where来引导，相当于inwhich。关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语;which在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whose只作定语，三者均不符合语境，故正确答案为D项。解答这类题目首先要找准先行词，然后根据定语从句所缺的成分来确定选项。栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关2.(2013·高考浙江卷)Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatform________visitorscanwatchthebigglasshousesbeingbuilt.A．whatB．whereC．whenD．why解析：句意：博物馆将在春季开放，届时将有一个展览，还有一个观光平台，在这里参观者可以看到许多在建的大玻璃暖房。分析句子结构可知，________visitorscanwatchthebigglasshousesbeingbuilt为定语从句，aviewingplatform为定语从句的先行词，从句缺少地点状语，要用where引导，所以正确答案为B项。B栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句介词＋关系代词名(代)词＋介词＋which/whomPleasepassmethebook，thecoverofwhichisblue.数词/形容词最高级＋of＋which/whomHehastencousins，theyoungestofwhomisclever.介词(短语)＋which/whom(2013·高考重庆卷)Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding，mostofwhomarefamilymembers.介词＋which/whose＋名词①Shesufferedfromillness，inwhichcaseherhusbandhadtostayhome.②(2012·高考天津卷)IwishtothankProfessorSmith，withoutwhosehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.栏目导引第二部分语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关温馨提示(1)“复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。Icanseeamountaininthedistance，onthetopofwhichstandsanoldtempledatingfromtheMingDynasty.(2)不常见的“介词＋关系副词”结构，如fromwhere，sincewhen等，意思上相当于fromthere，sincethen。①Icameherein1949，sincewhenIhavebeenengagedinthiswork.我1949年到这里，从那时起我就从事