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Can1.能、会，表体力、智力、技能（现在）；HecanswimacrosstheEnglishChannel.beabletodo可以表示成功地完成某一具体动作,可以用于更多的时态。Thewoundedmanstillwasabletogettothevillageandwassavedintheend.2.可以，表允许、许可、请求；CanIaskyouaquestion.Ofcourse,youcan.3.可能性，表推测表示比较有把握的推断。(否定句/疑问句）Mr.Chencan’tbeinNanjing.Isawhimintownonlyafewminutesago.MrBushisontimeforeverything.Howcanhebelatefortheopeningceremony?4.有时会、有可能，表偶尔的情况或可能性Petercanbereallydifficultattimeseventhoughhe’sanicepersoningeneral.Carsplayanimportantroleinmodernlife,buttheycanalsocausemanyproblemslikeairpollution.Cannot/never------enough/too再－－不为过，越－－越好Wecannotbetoocarefulinthechoiceofourfriends.Could1.过去的能力Ilistened,butIcouldhearnothing.2.能、可能、或许，表可能性，表示不是很确定的推断；Hecouldbeonhiswayhomenow.(=may/might)3.可以，表请求，比can委婉；CouldIusethisdictionaryforawhile?Ofcourse,youcan.No，I’mafraidnot.may1.可能、也许，表可能性（不确定）；AskTomaboutthebook.Hemayhavereadit.2.可以，表许可或请求；Youmaycomeatanytimeyoulike.MayItakethebooktotheclassroomandreturnitrightafterschooltoday?May+主语＋动词原形表示祝愿Mayyouhavealongandhappylife！maywell+动词原形完全能/很可能Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizehermayaswell＋动词原形最好，倒不如，不防做某事wemayaswellstaywhereweare.might1.可能、也许，表可能性；Ifyoucan’tfindhimathome,trytocallhisoffice.Hemightbeworkingintheofficenow.2.用于虚拟语气；must1.必须、应当，表义务、命令、必要,强调主观看法；YoumustdoeverythingasIdo.havetodo表示客观原因使得不得不做某事。Youwillhavetocleanyourownbootswhenyoujointhearmy.don’thavetodosth=needn’tdosth=don’tneedtodosth现在或者将来不必做某事didn’thavetodosth=needn’thavedone=didn’tneedtodosth(过去不必做）Youneedn’thaveworked/didn’tneedtowork/didn’thavetoworkthatlatelastnight.Itwasharmfultoyourhealth.2.很可能、想必，表推测(有把握的推断,用在肯定句中）；--Goodmorning,I’vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthepesonnelDepartment.---Ah,goodmorning.YoumustbeMrspeters.Jackdescribedhisfather,whomusthavebeenabraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong-willedman.3.偏要、偏偏、非得，表不耐烦或与说话人愿望相反；--Howoldareyou,madam?--Ifyoumustknow,I’mtwicemyson’sage.4.mustn’t禁止、不允许；Youmustn’tparkhere!It’sanemergencyexit.shall1.将要，表将来（一人称）2.可以，表征求意见、建议（一/三人称）Shallwebeginourdiscussion?Shallthedriverwaitoutside?3.表命令、警告、要求、允诺、承诺、威胁等（二、三人称）其中文意思较为灵活；YoushallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.（允诺）Youshallgowithme(命令）4.宣告法律，规定时，也用shall。IthasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesshallremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavecollectedShould1.应当、应该，表义务、责任=oughttodo；Ishould=oughttogoandvisithimthisafternoon,butIwonderifIwillbefree.2.可能、该、估计、按道理…，表推测；Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?Thereshouldbetwelve.--WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.--Theyshouldbereadyby12:00.3.居然、竟然，Idon’tknowwhyyoushouldthinkthatIdidit.4.用于建议、命令、要求、坚持等词的相关从句中；5.用于虚拟语气中；will1.将要，表将来(现在看来以后要发生的动作并没有事前安排计划）Ithinkshewillpasstheexam.2.要、愿、会，表意愿、意图、决心等；YouwillfindpleasureinreadingifyouwillreadshortstorieswritteninEnglish.3.表邀请、请求，二人称；Will/Wouldyouholdthiscandleforme?4.表事物固有属性或必然的趋势；Fishwilldiewithoutwater.Thedoorwon’topen.would1.将要，表过去将来；2.表邀请、请求，比will委婉；3.表过去习惯性的或反复发生的动作。WhenIwasyoung,Iwouldgoswimminginsummerandskatinginwinter.(=usedtogo)usedtodo过去常常（现在不再那样）4.用于虚拟语气；need/dare1.用作行为动词时，后面接动词todoYoudon’tneedtotrytoexplain.2.用作情态动词时，在疑问句、否定句中，后接动词原形；Hedarestodoanything,buthedarenotdothis.3.dare作行为动词时，在否定句和疑问句中的后面动词的to可省略Idaresay我想，大概情态动词＋havedonemusthavedone肯定做过某事。(对过去有把握的推断，用在肯定句）can’thavedone肯定没有做过某事canhavedone对过去有把握的推断，用在否定句或者疑问句）Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadwasquitemuddy.IsawMr.wangjustnow.Hecan’thavegonetoBeijing.Canhehavegonetohisaunt’s?couldhavedone过去本能做的事情，未能做Youcouldhavecome5minutesearlier.couldn’thavedone过去不可能做过某事。IsawMr.wangjustnow.Hecouldn’thavegonetoBeijingmay/mighthavedone可能做过某事，不太有把握的推断，用在肯定句或否定句中，might表示语气更不确定。It’stoolate.Ithinkhemayhavegonetobed.Shemighthavecaughtacold.should/oughttohavedone本该做的事情，实际上没有做shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone本不该做的事情，实际上做了。Youshouldhavecometothemeetingearlier.Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.needn’thavedone本不必要做的事情，实际做了Youneedn’thavetakenataxihere,foritwasveryneartomyhouse.wouldratherhavedone宁愿当时做了某事,实际做了Iraisedobjectionsatthemeeting,butnowIwouldrathernothavedonethat.wouldlike/lovetohavedone过去愿意做某事，实际未做成IwouldlovetohavegonetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.