高中英语语法课件

高中英语语法分词作宾语补足语感官动词hear,see,notice,watch,feel,find,leave…使役动词make,let,have,get,keepIheardsomeonecallingme.Ihadmybikestolen.主谓宾宾补宾语补足语(宾补)，在宾语后面，补充说明宾语，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。分词作宾补，一般用在感官动词和使役动词的宾语后面主语谓语宾语宾语补足语Iheardthetelephoneringing.Ihadabadtoothpulled.与宾语是主动关系，表示动作在进行与宾语是被动关系，表示动作的完成和结果现在分词过去分词分词作宾语补足语现在分词过去分词不定式，现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别Iwatchedaboycrossthestreet.(不定式作宾补)Theysawtheboyplayingnearthelake.(现在分词作宾补)Iheardmynamecalled.(过去分词作宾补)形式语态内容被动语态不定式不带to动词原形与宾语是主动关系动作发生了To要还原现在分词V.+ing与宾语是主动关系动作正在进行没变化过去分词V.+ed与宾语是被动关系动作已经完成没变化名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句是由that,各种疑问词,if和whether,充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样名词名词性从句主语表语宾语同位语√√√√√√√√一.名词性that-从句名词性that-从句来源于陈述句。在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语。1.Thathecamebackmadeushappy.主语从句试比较：Hecameback..2.Hepretended(that)hedidn’tseeme.宾语从句试比较：Hedidn’tseeme.3.Thefactisthathedidn’ttellthetruth.表语从句试比较：Hedidn’ttellthetruth.4.Thenewsthathe’llcomeisn’ttrue.同位语从句试比较：Hewillcome.注意：That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。例如：Itisquiteclearthatthey’vegoteverythingready.很清楚，他们已经准备好了一切。二.名词性wh-从句名词性wh-从句来源于特殊疑问句Wh-词包括who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语和宾语补足语等主语从句：Howthebookwillselldependsonauthor宾语从句：Inone'sownhomeonecandowhatonelikes.Theclubknowswhyheleft.Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.表语从句：Myquestioniswhowillbeinchargeoftheteamsoon.同位语从句Doyouhaveanyideawhenthewarbrokeout?注意：1.Wh-从句中，疑问词提前，后面用正常语序Whatwewilldonexthasnotbeendecidedyet.2.同样地，Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：1)Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob.2)Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingthere.3.What不一定翻译成“什么”，根据情况还可以翻译成“……所….”(=thethingthat)Iwanttoknowwhattheboy’snameis.WhatIsaiddidnotrefertoyou.我所说的事不是指你。三.if,whether引导的名词从句来源于一般疑问句或选择疑问,其功能同wh-从句(1)来源于一般疑问句，翻译成“是否”主语Whethertheplanisgoodremainstobeproved.宾语：Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.表语：Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.同位语：Theyrepeatedthequestionwhetherthemanisreliable.介词宾语：Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness.(2)选择性疑问从句由if/whether…orwhether…ornot构成Pleasetellmewhether/ifheisSwedishorDanish.Idon'tcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.注意：whether与if意义均为“是否”,但使用情况如下:1.whether可引导主语/表语/同位语/宾语从句。2.if只引导宾语从句;不在介词后；从句后有“ornot”时也不可用。Whetherhewillcomeornotdoesn’tmakeanydifference.Theytalkedaboutwhetheritwasworthdoing.Hedoesn’tknowwhethertogoornot.Iwanttoknowwhether/ifyoulikeit.