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(五)介词一、方位介词1.above，over，on；below，under，beneath(1)above侧重于相对水平高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。(2)over侧重于垂直高度，即位于正上方，其反义词是under。(3)on侧重于与物体表面接触，其反义词是beneath。Becareful，thereisaheavyboxoveryourhead.Thepositionhepointedtowasbelowthesealevel.2.across，over，through，pastacross意为“横穿、穿越”，表示运动发生在物体的表面。over意为“跨过，越过”，表示运动发生在物体的上方。through意为“穿过，通过”，表示运动发生在某物的空间。past意为“从……旁经过”，表示运动发生在某物旁边。TheGreatWallwindsitswayfromwesttoeast，acrossdesert，overmountains，throughvalleystillatlastitreachesthesea.3.in，on，to在方位名词前的区别。in表示在范围之内；to表示在某范围之外的地方；on表示“毗邻”“接壤”。ShandongProvinceis/liesintheeastofChina.Japanis/liestotheeastofChina.二、时间介词1.at，in，on，by，after2.for，from，sincefor后接时段的名词词组，表示行为状态持续了多久。from接时间点的名词词组，表示行为或状态的起始点，而不涉及其持续时间的长短。since接时间点的名词词组，不仅表示行为或状态的起始点，而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到此时此刻，因而与延续性动词的现在完成时连用。Mr.Brownenjoyedthecountrylifeandlivedthereforalmostfifteenyearsafterhisretirement.Myyoungersisterbegantolearndancingfromtheageoffive.HehasbeenworkinginTibetsincehegraduatedfromcollege.三、工具、手段、方式介词1.by，in，on三词都表示旅行的方式。名词前有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等时用on/in。traveltoNewYorkinthisplane；gotoschoolonmybike【说明】步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。onfoot，onhorseback,onahorse，onthecamel2.with，by，in三词均译为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。Theyarediggingwithapick/spade.byhand；ininkinEnglish/Japanese四、原因介词Sheoftenhangsherheadforshame.Hewentredwithanger.ThesportsmeetwillbeputofftillnextSaturdaybecause_oftheheavyrain.Hisillnesswasdue_tosmokinganddrinking.Thanks_totheParty’sgoodpolicy，thefarmersarenowlivingahappyandrichlife.五、介词与某些词类的搭配1.名词与介词的固定搭配(1)常与to搭配的名词：key，answer，visit，apology，introduction(2)常与in搭配的名词：interest，satisfaction，expert(3)常与on搭配的名词：mercy，congratulation(4)常与其他介词搭配的名词：prizefor，respectfor，victoryover，strugglewith2.形容词与介词的固定搭配(1)与at搭配的形容词：afraid，angry，good，bad，clever，surprised，excited，puzzled，frightened(2)与of搭配的形容词：afraid，sure，certain，full，tired，fond，proud，worthy(3)与with搭配的形容词：angry，strict，careful，busy，popular(4)与in搭配的形容词：weak，strict，rich，interested，successful(5)与to搭配的形容词：next，good，polite，kind，cruel，rude，known，married，close，similar，due(6)与for搭配的形容词：sorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager，anxious，hungry(7)与from搭配的形容词：far，different，free，safe，absent，tired(8)与about搭配的形容词：sorry，worried，anxious，careful，sure，certain【注】①同一形容词与不同的介词搭配其含义会不同。②of＋抽象名词＝形容词ofgreatvalue＝veryvaluableofnouse＝uselessamanofwealth＝awealthyman③to与情感名词连用，表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”：Muchtomyjoy，hewasquitefromdanger.④at与某些名词搭配表示“一……就……”atthesightofatthethoughtof过关落实1.Themanagersuggestedanearlierdate________themeeting.A.onB.forC.aboutD.with解析：suggestadatefor为(某事)提议一个日期。答案：B2.Somepeoplechoosejobsforotherreasons________moneythesedays.A.forB.exceptC.besidesD.with解析：besides同aswellas或inadditionto，表示“除……之外还有……”。答案：C3.Expertshavebeenwarning________ofthehealthriskscausedbypassivesmoking.A.atatimeB.atonetimeC.forsometimeD.forthetime解析：for＋sometime表示“有一段时间”。答案：C4.—Ithinkheistakinganactivepartinsocialwork.—Iagreewithyou________.A.inawayB.onthewayC.bythewayD.intheway解析：inaway在某种程度上。答案：A5.Thisisajuniorschool.Youshouldgotoaseniorschool________girlsofyourage.A.forB.aboutC.fromD.to解析：for此处意为“(专门)为(你这个年龄的女孩子们准备的)”。答案：A6.Although________myopinion，theoldprofessordidn’tcomeupwithhisown.A.againstB.onC.forD.in解析：against在本句中表示“反对，不赞同”。答案：A7.Fred，whohadexpectedhowitwouldgowithhisdaughter，hadagreatworry________hismind.A.onB.inC.withD.at解析：have...on/uponone’smind表“关心，为……担心”。答案：A8.It’squite________mewhysuchthingshavebeenallowedtohappen.A.forB.behindC.againstD.beyond解析：It’sbeyondsb.意为“某人不能明白”；beyond意为“(程度)超出，为……所不及”。答案：D9.—Whendoweneedtopaythebalance?—________September30.A.InB.ByC.DuringD.Within解析：by此处意为“(时间)在……之前，不迟于”。答案：B10.Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwas________it.A.inhonourofB.inmemoryofC.infavourofD.insearchof解析：inhonourof意为“尊敬”；inmemoryof表“为了纪念”；insearchof指“为了寻找”；infavourof则为“赞成、拥护、支持”，与against相对。答案：C11.IamafraidthatIwon’tbeabletospendtheweekendwithyouinDalian.________，IhavenomoneyandforanotherIamtoobusy.A.AfterallB.ForonethingC.AboveallD.Aswell解析：foronething...，foranother...(用以陈述理由或观点)一则……，再则……。答案：B12.Hehesitated，wonderingifhehadaskedtoomuch________thelady.A.fromB.ofC.forD.to解析：asksth.ofsb.期望，要求；asktoomuchofsb.要求过高。答案：B13.Thetwophrasesaresimilar________structurebutdifferent________meaning.A.in；inB.to；toC.in；fromD.with；from解析：besimilar/differentin意为“在……方面相似(不同)”。答案：A14.—ShallIcomeforthesuitonFriday?—You’dbetternot.Itwon’tbeready________Friday.Youcancomeandcollectitnextweek.A.byB.tillC.atD.after解析：by此处意为“(时间)在……之前，不迟于”。答案：A15.Thisyearthewhiteducksarenolongerlovelyinlocals’eyes，________theirfearofbirdflu.A.exceptforB.duetoC.incaseofD.insteadof解析：dueto(doing)意为“归咎于，归结于，归因于”。答案：B